Procedural Aesthetics

Murray: Procedurality is one of the defining characteristics of t digital media.

Marcel Duchamp “3 Standard Stoppages” ( )

John Cage and David Tudor “Variations IV”

John Cage “Fontana Mix” (1967) “chance operations” “ purposeless play”

Toneburst: Maps and Fragments David Tudor and Sophia Ogielska The ideograms appear in various forms in the multi-layered, translucent panels (scores, or maps), which express the interactive assembly of sound, coming from a flow of operations on active circuit elements. There is no one way of performing the composition; in fact there is an infinity of performances encoded in the circuit, which are visualized in the panels. The performance begins with introduction of individual sounds, and so there will be clusters of ideograms in space which will introduce the visual components of the larger maps. The colors and shapes indicate different groups of operations on active circuit elements (frequency and phase, input/output switching, amplitude, source input). With this visual language we have been planning to work next on another David's composition, which was commissioned for Merce Cunningham's dance 'Enter'."

Jackson Pollock “Convergence” (1952)

Andy Warhol “Marilyn Diptych” (1952)

Jean Tinguely and Billie Kluver (E.A.T) “Homage to New York” (1968)

“Game of Life” (1970) John Conway

Bill Vorn “Evil/Live” (1997/2004)

Craig Reynolds “Boids” (1986) Stanley & Stella in “Breaking the Ice” (1987) Wii Boids Max Granu w/ narrative by Howard Rheingold

Karl Simms “Panspermia” (1990)

Karl Simms “Genetic Images” (1993)

Karl Simms “Evolved Virtual Creatures” (1994)

Karl Simms “Galápagos” (1997)

Calvin Ashmore

Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “Interactive Plant Growing” (1992)

Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “A-Volve” (1995)

Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “Live Spacies II” (1999)

Will Wright/Maxis “Sim City” (1989)

Will Wright/Maxis “The Sims” (2000)

Will Wright/Maxis “Spore”