Slavery Jim Crow Freedom Marches Civil Rights Affirmative Action DOWN THROUGH THE YEARS Slavery Jim Crow Freedom Marches Civil Rights Affirmative Action

Million Man March October 16, 1997 All male march “Day of Atonement Expressed remorse for mistreatment of women and behavior detrimental to the black community

Richard Allen 1760-1831 Born a slave Taught himself to read and write Purchased his freedom at age 23 Founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church

James Weldon Johnson 1871-1938 First African American lawyer admitted to the Florida Bar Association Wrote the Black National Anthem “Lift Every Voice and Sing”

Lewis H. Latimer 1848-1928 Scientist Improved the light bulb Worked with A. Graham Bell (telephone company) Worked with Thomas Edison (to create an incandescent light)

George Washington Carver 1861-1943 Scientist Developed over 24 uses for peanuts Developed 118 products from sweet potatoes Created a department of agricultural at Tuskegee Institute

Medgar Evers Worked to set up NAACP in Jackson, Mississippi Investigated violent crimes against blacks Assassinated on June 12, 1963, in front of his wife and children

Buffalo Soldiers Black soldiers Called Buffalo by the Indians because of the color of their skin

Laws that said blacks could not vote Go to back of restaurants to be served Ride at the back of the bus Separate restrooms and water fountains

Brown vs. Board of Education A group of 13 parents field a class action suit against the Board of Education of Topeka Schools May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was unconstitutional

Harriet Tubman Called Black Moses Former slave Led over 300 slaves to freedom on the underground railroad Union Spy Union nurse

Paul Roberson 1898-1976 Actor Singer Activist First black to play football at Rutgers college

Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Lawyer Challenged the “separate but equal” First black to sit on the United States Supreme Court

Carter G. Woodson 1875-1950 Son of former slaves Educator Author First to record the history of the Negro

March on Washington August 18, 1963 Massive civil rights march 250,000 people attended Vice President Hubert Humphrey attended

Rosa Parks Refused to give her seat on a bus to a white man Her arrest led to a bus boycott Boycott lasted 381 days “Mother of civil rights movement” Boycott led to blacks being allowed to sit anywhere on the bus that they wanted

Jessie Owens 1913-1980 Track and field athlete Won 4 gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics

William Edward Burghardt DuBois 1868-1968 Author, educator, scholar, and editor Wrote “The Souls of Black Folk” Promoted higher education for blacks

Scottsboro Boys Boys between the ages of 9-21 Were accused of raping two white women in a box car of a train One women later admitted she and her friend had lied

Ida B. Wells 1862-1931 Born to slave parents Newspaper woman Fought against lynching

Sit-INs organized by college students were designed to protest the fact that blacks could not sit and eat at lunch counters.

Little Rock High School National guard exhorted 9 black students to class On their first day of class after integration The governor declared if they were admitted blood would run in the street

Men, Women, and Children in chains

Tuskegee Airmen Four all black fighter squadrons who flew missions during World War II Never lost a pilot

Booker Taliaferro Washington 1856-1915 Educator Founder of Tuskegee Institute

Martin L. King Jr. 1929-1968 Minister, father, husband, and civil rights leader Lead marches Gave speeches

Madam C.J. Walker 1867-1919 Born Sarah Breedlove Businesswoman Inventor or black hair products First woman millionaire

Garrett Morgan 1875-1963 Inventor Invented the gas mask and the traffic light

Elijah McCory 1843-1929 Inventor Invented the lubricating cup, medicine cup, and lawn sprinkler

Benjamin Banneker 1731-1806 Mathematician Astronomer Surveyed Washington, DC Constructed the first clock made in the US

Black Inventors Sarah Boone ironing board Augustus Jackson Ice Cream Jan Matzeliger shoe fastener Thomas Stewart mop G.F. Grant Golf tee G.E. Becket Letter Box J.A. Burr Lawn mower W.B. Purvis fountain pen

Amen Corner

Jackie Robinson The first black to play in the National Baseball League First black to compete in the World Series

Judge Jerry Reed Retired from the US Air Force Judge Substitute Teacher Grandson of a sharecropper

Martin L. King Tomb

Stature of Gandhi Non violent activist in India Martin L Stature of Gandhi Non violent activist in India Martin L. King pattern his after him