Some Next Steps for Climate Change at UNDP AAP – Dakar 12 November 2012 Benoit Lebot UNDP Climate Change Advisor

GHG Emissions GHG Concentration GHG Sinks (Sequestration) ppm ppm ~+2°C 32 Gtons CO 2 /year 15 Gtons CO 2 /year

Today World Average South 4.2 tCO 2eq /Cap North 16.1 tCO 2eq /Cap 2050 Target 50% Global Emissions CO 2 /Cap/year UNDP HDR Objective for 2050: In the north, - 80% in emissions In the south, - 20% in emissions 2020 Pathway towards a 2°C Global Warming

A pressing need for global GHG mitigation

18% 1% 8% 14% 59% World Green House Gas Emissions CH 4 N2ON2O F Gas CO 2 From Combustion CO 2 From LUCF

Trend in Green House Gases Low Carbon Path Change Behavior Today Tomorrow Improve Efficiency Renewable Energy REDD & Sequestration

NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

Framework NAMA IncentivesGovernance Transverse Policies Sectoral Policies Programme Project Financing Public or private funds in the form of bonds, capital, tax credit… Trading System Distribution of exchangeable allowances Credit Credit issuance after emissions reductions Centralized International or multilateral Monitoring committe Decentralized Bilateral National Ingredients of a low carbon pathway

© The Energy Resource Institute Sustainable Energy for All Energy transforms our life, our economies, our planet.

SE4ALL initiative will mobilize global action to supports three interlinked objectives – goals to be reached by 2030: Ensuring universal access to modern energy services Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency Doubling the share of renewable energy

Managing climate finance: It’s a plumbing job - Get money flowing to those who need it

CPEIR Climate Public Expenditure & Institutional Review

Advantages of climate finance through national budget Budget is existing process which engages all of government led by Ministry of Finance Much climate expenditure already flows through national budget Budget can disperse large volumes of finance Allows funds to “top-up” sector spending to support “mainstreaming” of climate

Proportion of 'climate relevant' expenditure Financed by domestic revenues Financed by external grants or loans Bangladesh77%23% Cambodia13%87% Nepal44%56% Samoa41%59%

A

18 Thank you!