© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Advanced World Geography Unit 6 - Religions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Unit 6 - Religions This unit is not designed for the purpose of religious debate. It is designed to teach you about the world’s major religions, including their origins and diffusions. Any discussion of religion during this section should be civil and respectful at all times. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Key Issues – Essential Questions 1)Where are religions distributed? 2)Why do religions have different distributions? 3)Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious groups?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Essential Question 1 Where are religions distributed? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Religion: “A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities” -- Stoddard and Prorak “Perceived ultimate priorities” often –Things a follower “should” do –Ways a follower “should” behave What Is Religion, and What Role Does It Play in Culture?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How Do Religions Diffuse? Concepts of divinity Monotheistic religions: Worship a single deity Polytheistic religions: Worship more than one deity, even thousands Animistic religions: Belief that inanimate objects posses spirits and should be revered

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Manifestations of Religion Worship Belief that certain people possess special divinely granted abilities Belief in one or more deities Practices –Ritual and prayer –Marking life events –Rituals at regular intervals Secularism: Decline in organized religious observances

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Major types of religion: Universalizing religions: Actively seek converts Believe that they offer universal appropriateness and appeal Christianity (2.1 billion) Islam (1.5 billion) Buddhism (376 million) Ethnic religions: Adherents are born into the faith Do not actively seek converts Spatially located, Judaism the exception © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Where Did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How Do Religions Diffuse?

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Where Are Religions Distributed? Branches of Universalizing Religions –Three principal universalizing religions divided into branches, denominations, and sects. A branch is a large and fundamental division within a religion. A denomination is a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. A sect is a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Religions Distributed? Branches of Universalizing Religions –Branches of Christianity in Europe Three major branches include… 1.Roman Catholic (51 percent of the world’s Christians) 2.Protestant (24 percent of the world’s Christians) 3.Orthodox (11 percent of the world’s Christians) Distributions –Roman Catholicism dominant branch in southwestern and eastern Europe. –Protestantism dominant branch in northwestern Europe. –Orthodoxy dominant branch in eastern and southeastern Europe.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Religions Distributed? Branches of Universalizing Religions –Branches of Christianity in the Western Hemisphere 93 percent of Christians in Latin America are Roman Catholic. –40 percent in North America Protestant churches have approximately 82 million members in the United States. –Baptist church has largest number of adherents (37 million).

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Christianity Origin and Diffusion ã Messiah: Jesus ã Universalizing Religion Branches ã Roman Catholic ã Protestant ã Eastern Orthodox

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Precepts ã Messiah: Jesus ã Belief in One God ã Father, Son & Holy Spirit (trinity) ã Covenant (contract) with God ãNew Testament - salvation to those who believe in Jesus Christ and his teachings ãSalvation is by grace or belief not works ãBelievers go to heaven with everlasting life Christianity

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Catholicism - largest branch ã Headed by the Pope ã direct link to God ãGrace or salvation is obtained through the sacraments: ãBaptismMarriage ãEucharist or CommunionHoly Orders ãReconciliationAnointing the Sick ãConfirmation Christianity

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Protestantism - (1517) Reformation era Martin Luther – German monk ã No Pope needed ã individual has direct link to God ã Grace through faith rather than sacraments ã forgiveness for sins through individual prayers ã Spread though N. Europe and England ã arose same time as 1466 Gutenberg Bible and the printing press Christianity