ATP and Cellular Respiration Breakdown of a Glucose Molecule to make ATP so our cells can perform chemical reactions

THE BASICS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own energy and need to consume other organisms to get energy (consumers) All animals, fungi, and some bacteria are heterotrophs

Why Make ATP? Referred to as energy currency of the cell Provide energy for chemical reactions to take place in our body (cells)

Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration (where ATP is made) Conists of Outer membrane Inner membrane Matrix Cristae

Cellular Respiration Breakdown Glycolysis Located in cytoplasm of cell Krebs Cycle Located in Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain Located in mitochondrial cristae

Glycolysis Breakdown of a single Glucose molecule Reactants Products 2 pyruvate molecules 2 ATP molecules Energy 2 NADH molecules Electron carriers

Pyruvate Pyruvate can take 2 paths from this point: Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen) Pyruvate moves into mitochondria and ATP is made via Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen) Pyruvate stays in cytoplasm and is converted into lactic acid -Lactic Acid Fermentation

Aerobic Respiration Krebs Cycle Reactants Products Conversion of 2 pyruvate molecules Reactants 2 pyruvate molecules Products 4 CO₂ molecules 2 ATP molecules Energy 6 NADH molecules Electron carriers 2 FADH₂

Aerobic Respiration Electron Transport Chain Reactants Products Electrons are transferred to proteins from NADH and FADH₂ Electrons are passed from one protein to the next Final electron acceptor is Oxygen (O₂) Reactants NADH FADH₂ Products 34 ATP molecules Energy Water (H₂O)

Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into lactic acid when oxygen is not present Happens during vigorous muscle exercise Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose

Anaerobic Respiration Alcohol Fermentation Does not occur in humans Occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available Facultative anaerobes Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into ethanol

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration