MODULE 1 Water Framework Directive, Relation of WFD with Daughter Directives, River Basin Management Planning, Water Bodies, Typology, Classification Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Water Directive R. Michael Jackman Antalya December, 2014

DIRECTIVE 2008/105/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL Environmental Quality Standards In The Field Of Water Policy, Repealed Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC

Scope  Sets out environmental quality standards concerning the presence in surface waters of certain pollutants and substances or groups of substances identified as priority owing to risks they pose to or via the aquatic environment. Background  Article 16(7) of the Water Framework Directive required the establishment of environmental quality standards applicable to water.  The environmental quality standards for priority substances and certain other pollutants must be respected in order to achieve a good surface water chemical status.  Must implement the necessary measures to progressively reduce pollution from priority substances and ceasing or phasing out emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous substances

Parameters  The priority substances are defined by the Water Framework Directive with a list of 33 priority substances. Annex X  Includes cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and its compounds, benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and DDT total.  Twenty priority substances are classed as hazardous

Application of Standards The planned environmental quality standards are limits to the concentrations, - threshold levels. Value types 1)The annual average (AA) value of concentration of the parameter calculated over a one-year-The purpose of this standard is to ensure the long-term quality of the aquatic environment; 2)The maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the substance measured specifically.- The purpose of this second standard is to limit short-term pollution peaks.

Water Types  The quality standards are differentiated for inland surface waters (rivers and lakes) and other surface waters (transitional, coastal and territorial waters).  Specific standards are also set for metals and certain other substances.  Must also verify that the concentration of substances concerned does not increase significantly in sediments and/or the relevant biota.

Exceedances  Member States can define transitional mixing areas, where the quality standards may be exceeded provided that the rest of the surface water body complies with those standards.  These areas must be clearly identified in the river basin management plans established in accordance with the Water Framework Directive

Inventory  For each river basin, countries must establish an inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of all substances identified in the priority substances.  On the basis of this inventory, the EU must verify whether, by 2018, the objectives of reducing pollution from priority substances and of ceasing or phasing out emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous substances are reached.

WFD ANNEX IX EMISSION LIMIT VALUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS The ‘limit values’ and ‘quality objectives’ established under the re Directives of Directive 76/464/EEC shall be considered emission limit values and environmental quality standards, respectively, for the purposes of this Directive. They are established in the following Directives: (i) The Mercury Discharges Directive (82/176/EEC) (1); (ii) The Cadmium Discharges Directive (83/513/EEC) (2); (iii) The Mercury Directive (84/156/EEC) (3); (iv) The Hexachlorocyclohexane Discharges Directive (84/491/EEC) (4); and (v) The Dangerous Substance Discharges Directive (86/280/EEC) (5).

Benefits of Compliance  Reduce the costs of treating drinking water  Improve the quality of organisms living in these waters  Improve health of livestock drinking these waters.  Reduce administrative burden.

Useful References _Substances_in_Europe.

RELATED EU ACTS  EU Commission Communication of 2006 entitled "Integrated prevention and control of chemical pollution of surface waters in the European Union" [COM(2006)]  EU leaves the adoption of measures concerning surface water to the Member States on the grounds of efficacy, flexibility and costs.  It considers that the relevant EU legislation already ensures a high level of protection of the aquatic environment and public health, provided it is applied correctly and comprehensively. To this end it proposes several measures, including :Amendment of the IPPC Directive  Amendment of Pesticides Directive,  Enhanced implementation and enforcement of legislation via a system of information exchange,  Introduction of procedures for Member States to provide useful information for decision-making, and improved access to information via a water information system (WISE).

RELATED EU ACTS Directive 2006/11/EC on Pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment  Replaces Directive 76/464/EEC, and makes it obligatory for all discharges of certain substances to be authorised.  Sets limit for emissions of these substances.  Requires Member States to improve the quality of their waters.

EQS Considerations  The calculation of the arithmetic mean, the analytical method used and, where there is no appropriate analytical method meeting the minimum performance criteria, the method of applying an EQS must be in for chemical monitoring and quality of analytical results, in accordance with WFD.  Most EQS are expressed as total concentrations in the whole water sample.  For heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel) the EQS refers to the dissolved concentration, i.e. the dissolved phase of a water sample obtained by filtration through a 0,45 μm filter

EQS Considerations  Member States may, when assessing the monitoring results against the EQS, take into account: (a) natural background concentrations for metals and their compounds, if they prevent compliance with the EQS value; (b) Hardness e.g. Cadmium, pH or other water quality parameters that affect the bioavailability of metals.

WFD ANNEX VIII INDICATIVE LIST OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS 1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment. 2. Organophosphorous compounds. 3. Organotin compounds. 4. Substances and preparations, or the breakdown products of such, which have been proved to possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties or properties which may affect steroidogenic, thyroid, reproduction or other endocrine-related functions in or via the aquatic environment. 5.Persistent hydrocarbons and persistent and bioaccumulable organic toxic substances.

WFD ANNEX VIII INDICATIVE LIST OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS 6. Cyanides. 7. Metals and their compounds. 8. Arsenic and its compounds. 9. Biocides and plant protection products. 10. Materials in suspension 11. Substances which contribute to eutrophication (in particular, nitrates and phosphates). 12. Substances which have an unfavourable influence on the oxygen balance (and can be measured using parameters such as BOD, COD, etc.).

More chemicals have been produced and discharged into the environment, though we need these industries to fulfil are needs this must be done in a sustainable manner. This Directive is an important step to achieve this and needs to be globally supported not just the EU Thank you for your attention.