Using the Work of Others: Getting Ideas into Your Papers while Avoiding Plagiarism All examples taken from H. Ramsey Fowler, ed. The Little, Brown Handbook,., 6 th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Agenda Review of types of plagiarism & why it matters Process of note taking Writing ideas (notes) Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct quotations Combination of above Recognizing plagiarism Checklist for avoiding plagiarism

Note taking Process While skimming, read with a specific question in mind Consult index, table of contents, headings to help discover what you want Skip material unrelated to your question New words, new word order Use a systematic way to take notes—categorize and separate each note in a category

Summarizing Summarizing is distilling a passage or text to its main points, in your own words. A summary should state the main ideas in a passage using as few words as possible. Use summary to digest the core of what a writer is saying, without examples or evidence.

Summarizing Ann Hughey and Eric Gelman, “Managing the Woman’s Way,” Newsweek, p. 47 Generalizing about male and female styles of management is a tricky business, because stereotypes have traditionally been used to keep women down. Not too long ago it was a widely accepted truth that women were unstable, indecisive, temperamental and manipulative and weren’t good team members because they’d never played football. In fighting off these prejudices many women simply tried to adopt masculine traits in the office. Rather than be labeled with the sexist stereotypes that prevented their promotions, many women adopted masculine qualities.

Paraphrasing o Paraphrasing is a close restatement of the author’s “original presentation,” in your own words. o Paraphrase is most useful when you want to follow an author’s thinking or reasoning without directly quoting. o Read passage several times to understand it. o Restate in your own words and sentence structure. Select what is pertinent and restate. o Don’t distort original meaning of text!

Paraphrasing Generalizing about male and female styles of management is a tricky business, because stereotypes have traditionally been used to keep women down. Paraphrase Because of the risk of stereotyping, which has served as a tool to block women from management, it is difficult to characterize a feminine management style. In fighting off these prejudices many women simply tried to adopt masculine traits in the office. Paraphrase Many women have defended themselves at work by adopting the qualities of men.

Direct Quotation Use direct quotation only when the exact words of the original are important. In papers analyzing primary sources such as literary works, you will use it extensively. Tests (when original satisfies one of following) Language is unusually vivid, bold or inventive Quotation cannot be paraphrased without distortion of meaning or loss of meaning. Words themselves are at issue in your interpretation Quotation is a graph, diagram, or table.

Combination Generalizing about male and female styles of management is a tricky business, because stereotypes have traditionally been used to keep women down. Not too long ago it was a widely accepted truth that women were unstable, indecisive, temperamental and manipulative and weren’t good team members because they’d never played football. In fighting off these prejudices many women simply tried to adopt masculine traits in the office. Combination It is difficult to characterize a feminine style of management “because stereotypes have traditionally been used to keep women down.” Women have been cited as “unstable, indecisive, temperamental and manipulative” and have been accused of not being “good team members.” Many women defended themselves at work by adopting the qualities of men.

Recognizing Plagiarism Exercise Compare each attempt to quote or paraphrase the passage. Which, if any are plagiarized, inaccurate, or both, and which are acceptable? Why?

Avoiding Plagiarism Checklist What type of source are you using: your own independent material, common knowledge, or someone else’s independent material? You must acknowledge someone else’s material. If you are quoting someone else’s material, is the quotation exact? Are graphs, statistics, and other borrowed material identical to source? Omissions with ellipsis and additions with brackets? Have you used your own words and sentence structure when paraphrasing or summarizing? Have you represented the author’s meaning without distortion? Is each use of someone else’s material acknowledged in your text? Are your citations complete and accurate? Does your works cited list include all sources listed in your paper?