MANGANESE COAL PHOSPHATE

Definition: Is gray-white metal with a pinkish tinge, and a very brittle but hard metallic element. Origin: It comes from the heat and carbon in the charcoal separated oxygen from the pyrolusite, leaving a metallic manganese residue. Source:

Uses of Manganese:  essential to iron and steel production  used as an additive in unleaded gasoline  reagent in organic chemistry  used in the original type of dry cell battery as an electron acceptor from zinc  use in fertilizers, bricks and paint, and water purification Source:

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Definition: Are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus, found in many phosphate minerals. In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers to a rock or ore containing phosphate ions. Formation: Formed in oceans in the form of calcium phosphate, called phosphorite. The element phosphorus is dissolved from rocks. Some of this phosphorus goes into the soil where plants absorb it; some is carried by streams to the oceans. Source:

Uses of Phosphate:  to recover elemental phosphorus  used to make chemicals for use in industry  production of phosphate fertilizers for agriculture  to make calcium phosphate nutritional supplements for animals. Source:

Removing the top layer of soil Putting up the matrix in the pit Scooping up the phosphate matrix Removing of Clay Beneficiation process Flotation feed Delivery of rock to chemical processing plant Source: Scooping up the phosphate matrix

Phosphate Rock Price Chart Commodity price chart (units) : U.S. dollars per metric ton Source:

Definition: Is a sedimentary rock composed predominantly of solid organic materials with a greater or lesser proportion of mineral matter. Origin: It is derived from the accumulation of plant remains in sedimentary basins, and is altered to solid rock by heat and pressure applied during the basin’s development. Source:

Goal Of Coal Mining: To economically remove coal from the ground Uses of Coal:  To generate electricity  as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore  for cement production Source:

Factors to consider in coal extraction :  depth and quality of the seams  the geology and environmental factors 2 basic methods of mining :  Surface mining  Deep underground mining Source:

Surface Mining Process : Explosives (to break through the surface) Removing the Coal (using draglines or by shovel and truck) Drilling, fractured & mined in strips Loading of Coal (in trucks or conveyors) Delivery (into Coal Preparation Plant) Trucks loaded with coal Source:

Deep Underground Mining Process : stripping of the mountain side to expose a coal seam Removing of coal from an underground coal mine Explosives are placed in the holes and ignited in order to break up the coal. cleaning up loose coal and applies rock dust to the coal wall to limit coal dust explosion hazards After the coal mine has advanced to the mine limit - pillars, or blocks of coal that support the top, are extracted as the mining process retreats. Coal wash plant in Clay CountyClay County, Kentucky.Kentucky Source:

Week Ended Central Appalachia 12,500 Btu, 1.2 SO2 Northern Appalachia 13,000 Btu, <3.0 SO2 Illinois Basin 11,800 Btu, 5.0 SO2 Powder River Basin 8,800 Btu, 0.8 SO2 Uinta Basin 11,700 Btu, 0.8 SO2 7-May-10$61.15$59.75$41.40$12.35$ May-10$64.60$60.75$41.40$12.00$ May-10$64.60$60.75$41.40$11.65$ May-10$64.60$60.75$41.40$11.50$ Jun-10$64.60$60.75$41.40$11.65$ Jun-10$64.60$60.75$41.40$11.90$ Jun-10$64.60$59.25$41.40$12.00$ Jun-10$64.60$59.25$41.40$12.65$40.00 Source: