MYSTERIES OF EARTH AND MARS Unit One Physical Science (or, getting there from here) An Overview By - Jack Forristel -

Unit One Content Article Destination Mars Article Energizing An Orbiter Article Building A Rover Article Water - Water....Nowhere Activity Build A Rocket Activity Facts Of Friction Activity Safe Landing Activity Properties Of Salt/Fresh Water

Science Topics Covered Orbits Gravity Newton's Laws Of Motion Force Mass Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Energy Transfer Conservation Of Energy Friction Design (Considerations) Engineering Constraints Properties Of Water Phase Changes Atmospheric Pressure

When To “Shoot” 69M Km on 10/27/05? 390M Km on 9/27/06? Considerations - Daylight at launch/arrival - Wx at launch - Solar activity - Flight time - Length of flight - On & on & on & on

ORBITAL MECHANICS

Trajectory To Landing

27 August, 2003 Closest to earth in thousands of years 56M Km

9/23/05 Positions

SIR ISAAC NEWTON SIR ISAAC NEWTON Graduated from Cambridge University WITHOUT DISTINCTION. At age 23, began formulating his (1) Law of Universal Gravitation, (2) Calculus, (3) extended Galileo's work, (4) developed his 3 laws of motion and, (5), clarified the nature of light.

ISAAC NEWTON ISAAC NEWTON When asked how he was able to make so many discoveries, he replied that he found his solutions to problems not by sudden insight but by thinking very long and hard about them until he worked them out. (I wish I had thought this way when I was a college student. May have helped.)

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION A body at rest or in uniform motion will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless some external force is applied to it. Often referred to as the”law of inertia”.

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION The net force on an object is equal to the product of its acceleration and its mass. F = ma One of the most famous formulas in our world.

NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION To every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Sometimes called the law of momentum. M = mv

NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Every mass attracts every other mass with a force that, for any two masses, is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. F = m 1 m 2 /d 2

FORCE ( FORCE ( Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated) Typical Forces Gravity Friction Turning moments Pressure Balanced Unbalanced Can Make Things Speed up Slow down Change direction Change shape Turn Change Size Change Temperature

ENERGY POTENTIALPOTENTIAL energy is stored energy. It is there, it is available, it is useable. KINETIC KINETIC energy is the energy of motion. Falling and moving bodies posses kinetic energy.

MORE ABOUT ENERGY

AEROBRAKING A technique used by spacecraft in which it uses drag within a planetary atmosphere to reduce its velocity relative to the planet. This removes a large amount of kinetic energy over a short period of time, most of which is converted into heat by shock heating the air ahead of the spacecraft.

AEROBRAKING Global Surveyor

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (Going-Landing-Roving) Structures (weight/strength) Energy (how much, what kind & when) Heating (going, entry, roving) Pressures (dynamic, atmospheric, gravity) Radiation (thermal, EMS) Others

NEXT: A FILM THEN: FLY A ROCKET FOLLOWED BY: DROPPING EGGS

From Here To There Via Newton (and others)