林奇賢 國立台南大學數位學習科技學系 美國的虛擬學校 (Virtual Schools)

Changing Landscape in Education Empire High

HIGH TECH HIGH

Today there are roughly 2,400 publicly-funded cyber-based charter schools and state and district virtual schools in 37 states, with an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 students participating in online courses, says Susan Patrick, Director of the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology. The Numbers of Virtual Schools As of March, 2004

Florida Virtual School

The Mission of FLVS To deliver a high quality, technology-based, education that provides the skills and knowledge students need for success in the 21st century.

The Explosive Growth and Expansions of FLVS Final Report: A Comprehensive Assessment of Florida Virtual School Florida TaxWatch Center for Educational Performance and Accountability

FLVS students earned higher grades in their online courses than they had earned in courses in that same subject area in the traditional public school setting. Performance in Grades Earned

Students at Florida Virtual School earned higher test scores. Performance in Reading

Performance in Math Students at Florida Virtual School earned higher test scores.

Performance in AP in

Performance in AP in

In 2007, there were a total of 615 direct instructional employees. Their classifications were as follows: 301 full-time instructors, 175 adjunct instructors, and 139 support staff. F L V S Instructional Staff & Support

Funding of FLVS

Vendors in the Field

Vendors in Public Education

Virtual Schools in the United States 24 states with state-led online education programs 26 states with significant state policies for online learning 12 states with neither a state-led program nor significant state policies

Game-based Learning

Game-based Learning

The current movement in education today calls for students to develop information age skills rather than build content bases. We are looking for students who have critical thinking and problem solving skills, communication skills, and know how to be a professional in their field rather than simply know about the field itself. In short, we are looking for people who have learned how to learn. The Goal of new Education

The Inquiry-based, Constructivist Learning Environment The environment should be based around an authentic problem that provides a motivating context for learning. These problems should be open-ended, allowing students to tackle situations in authentic ways to solve a problem with no one right answer. The environment should be designed to help students construct knowledge. This is supported by the social negotiation and through the context, but also depends on scaffolding to help students become successful learners as well as opportunities for reflection in and on action.

Social Negotiation Key to any constructivist environment and particularly important to both the OLE approach and cognitive apprenticeship model is an implicit valuing of the communities of practice that are developed as part of the learning process. Learning is a process of social negotiation – what we learn is shaped by those around us and, in fact, meaning is determined not only by each individual but also by the culture within which the individual is acting. Without context, information is quite meaningless.

How Students Learn: Constructivism’s Views Knowledge is constructed by students: Learner-center, Inquiry-based, Problem-solving Knowledge is constructed in a context: Authentic Knowledge is constructed socially: Interpersonal Interaction, Collaboration

What Students Need to Know: 21 st Century Skills and ICT literacy The future will demand people who can express themselves effectively with images, animation, sound, and video, solve real world problems that require processing and analysis of thousands of numbers, evaluate information for accuracy, reliability, and validity; and organize information into valuable knowledge, yet students are not learning these skills in school. Susan Patrick, President and CEO of the North American Council for Online Learning (NACOL) Douglas Levin, Senior Director of Education Policy, Cable in the Classroom NECC Presentation, June 2007

By the year 2020, computing power will come closer to matching the human brain, enabling artificial intelligence, capabilities in smart robots, speech recognition, intelligent agents, and other uses that will permit huge advances in telemedicine, virtual education, e-government and all other facets of life. World Future Society Susan D. Patrick President & CEO North American Council for Online Learning

Virtual Schools and 21st Century Skills If we are serious about ensuring that all students master the skills they will need for life, work, and citizenship in the 21st century, the continued expansion of virtual schooling (blended and wholly online) will be required. Many virtual schools are already providing the 21st century learning environments that today’s students so desperately want and need to be successful in life and the workplace.

The Futurist: Top 10 Breakthroughs Transforming Life over the next years 1. Alternative energy 2. Desalination 3. Precision farming 4. Biometrics 5. Quantum computers 6. Entertainment on demand 7. Global access 8. Virtual education or distance learning 9. Nanotechnology 10. Smart Robots

Participate in Two Communities Simultaneously Virtual Learning Community Physical (at workplace) Learning Community Learning Ecology

Web 2.0 Binary Content Human Content

ACA at 2007 Virtual School Symposium