Today’s Standard: Writing Applications: When writing research reports: 2.3(d) Document reference sources by means of footnotes and bibliography.

Footnotes are references that go at the bottom of the page of a report. They are used to give credit to sources of any material borrowed, summarized or paraphrased. They are intended to refer readers to the exact pages of the works listed in the Works Cited or Bibliography section. Example of footnote (goes at bottom of page): G. Wayne Miller, King of Hearts: The True Story of the Maverick Who Pioneered Open Heart Surgery (New York: Times, 2000) 245. NOTE: Only one sentence is used in a Footnote citation. There is only one period used at the end of any Footnote. In a Bibliography, each citation consists of a minimum of three statements or sentences, hence each entry requires a minimum of three periods (a period after the author statement, a period after the title statement, and a period after the publication statement (publication/publisher/publication date). 2

A Bibliography is an alphabetical list of all materials consulted in the preparation of your paper. A Works Cited Page is an alphabetical list of all materials actually used in your paper. Example of Bibliography or Works Cited entry: Miller, G. Wayne. King of Hearts: The True Story of the Maverick Who Pioneered Open Heart Surgery. New York: Times, Works Cited and Bibliography are not the same. In Works Cited you only list items you have actually cited. In a Bibliography you list all of the material you have consulted in preparing your essay whether or not you have actually cited the work.

Entries in Works Cited or Bibliography are put in alphabetical order by last names of authors, editors, translators, etc. or by first words of titles. Works Cited Adams, Paul. "Furious Arafat Is Freed." Globe and Mail [Toronto] 2 May 2002: A1+. "Beginner Tip: Presenting Your Page with Style." Webmaster Tips Newsletter. July NetMechanic. 13 Sept < news/vol3/beginner_no7.htm>. Collins, Ronald K.L., and David M. Skover. The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Fall and Rise of an American Icon. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Continelli, Louise. "A Place for Owls to Heal." Buffalo News 12 Jan. 2003: C2. "E-Money Slips Quietly into Oblivion." Nikkei Weekly [Tokyo] 22 Jan. 2001: 4. Gordin, Michael D. "The Science of Vodka." Letter. New Yorker 13 Jan. 2003: 7. "Ho Chi Minh." Encyclopaedia Britannica Britannica.com. 15 Sept < ©Created by Cathy Shope, EWMS 2006