Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik DISASTER A disaster is a sudden, extraordinary calamity or catastrophe which affects or threatens health.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

DISASTER It is an ecological disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

DISASTER Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

HAZARD Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment Disasters cause great harm to the existing infrastructure and threaten the future of sustainable development

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER  A. 1. NATURAL  2. Man Made  B. Meteorological

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Metrological disasters  Storms (hurricanes, cyclones) cold spells, heat waves, drought and smong.  Topological disasters: Floods, avalanches, landslides.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

 Telluric and tectonic disasters: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

 Accidents: Failure of structures like dams, tunnels, buildings, mine explosions, fires, collisions, shipwrecks, train crashes, poison entering water supply systems.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Natural  There are many types of disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tidal waves, land-slides, volcanic eruptions,  Tornadoes, fires, hurricanes, snow storms, severe air pollution (smog), heat waves, famines, epidemics, building collapse, toxicologic accidents (e.g. release of hazardous substances), nuclear accidents and warfare etc

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik

MAN MADE DISASTERS  Sudden disasters  Insidious disasters  Wars and civil conflicts

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Classification of Injuries Morbidity which results from a disaster situation can be classified into four types  a.Injuries;  b.Emotional stress;  c.Epidemic of disease; and  d.Increase in indigenous diseases.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Extent of Injuries The relative number of injuries and deaths differ, depending on the following of factors  Type of disaster,  The density and distribution of the population,  Condition of the environment,  Degree of the preparedness  Opportunity of the warning.  Injuries usually exceed death in explosions, earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, fires, tornadoes.  Death frequently exceeds injuries in landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves, floods.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Extent of Injuries

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Magnitude and effect of a disaster It can be found by evaluating some related results. These are:  Loss of or damage to human and animal life.  Disruption of community services like electricity, gas, water supply, sewerage system, communications, food supply, public health services.  Spread of communicable diseases.  Disruption of normal activities.  Destruction of or damage to private and public property.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik DISASTER MANAGEMENT There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management:  a.Disaster preparedness  b. Disaster response  c.Disaster mitigation

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Disaster Preparedness  PRE-DISASTER ADMINISTRATION: Disasters can be managed by coordinated activities of different disciplines and sectors.  P=Planning;  O=Organizing;  S=Staffing;  D=Directing;  CO=Coordinating;  R=Reporting;  B=Budgeting.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Planning Planning is a vital part of pre-disaster activities. It has three steps:  Determining the available resources and the situation.  Defining the objectives.  Deciding the policy and action during a disaster.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Organization  The job descriptions of the staff must be clear.  The assistants must discuss each decision to be taken with the disaster coordinator.  Another important point is to decide on the two way communications (warning, feedback) between the highest and the lowest levels of the organization.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik ORGANIZATION It should always be kept in mind during the planning phase that the most important factor for successful disaster management is communication.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Directions  Objectives  Command and control structure  Limits of authority and responsibility  Duties and lines of communication  Channels for requesting and supplying additional resources  Operation details

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Co-ordination Co-ordination in and between team needs special attention. The staff may need some time to get to know each other and to adapt themselves to communication and coordination systems which may be new to them. They must ve trained to work together.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik Main duties of health team  First aid.  Emergency care.  Ambulatory care.  Patient referral.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik BIO-TERRORISM DISASTER  Due to availability of biological weapons there is threat to mankind. There will be not only mass killing but there will be a continuous damage to the coming generation.  Appropriate measures for prevention of such a disaster are through International Collaboration for Peace among nations with a firm commitment to “LIVE AND LET LIVE”.

Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik THANKS