Chapter 2 Planet Earth

Solar Energy Energy from the sun. Why? Need for survival. Amount of energy received, changes. Why?

Rotation One complete spin of the earth. Takes 24 hours. Rises in the east, sets in the west. The sun does not move.

Revolution Earth spins on its axis. While earth revolves around the sun. Takes 365.25 days for a complete revolution. Calendar year. Leap year?

Tilt Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees. Seasons?

Equator Line across center of earth. That divides the world north and south.

Latitude The distance north and south of Earth’s equator.

Prime Meridian Line of Longitude at 0 degrees.

Longitude The distance east and west of Earth’s prime meridian.

The Seasons Many places on earth experience four seasons. Winter, Summer, Fall, and Spring. Seasons are based on temperature, and length of days. Some seasons are based on rain fall.

Winter and Summer Changes in seasons are based on the earth’s tilt. During winter the earth is tilted away from the sun. During summer earth is tilted toward the sun. The northern and southern hemispheres experience opposite seasons.

Spring and Fall First day of spring and fall, the earth does not tilt toward the sun.

Rainfall and Seasons Some areas in the world mark their seasons by rainfall. Tropics are regions close to the equator. Winds will either bring dry or wet air to the region. Seasons become known as wet or dry.

Salt Water 97% of earths water is salt water. Water covers 71% of earth.

Freshwater 3% of our water supply. Water used to sustain life. Most of the fresh water are in glaciers. Surface water is found in streams, rivers, and lakes. Less than 1 percent comes from surface water.

continued Groundwater is found under earth’s surface.

Precipitation Water that falls to earth’s surface. Rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Water Cycle Water cycle is the movement of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back.

Earth’s plates Solid inner core, mantle, and crust. Three layers of earth. Earth’s continents are apart of earth’s crust. Plate tectonics- Slow moving plates, or pieces of earth’s crust.

Continued Ocean plates Continental plates What do they mean?

Plate Tectonics Earth’s surface is divided into a dozen or so slow-moving plates. Pieces of earth’s crust. Plates move up to several inches per year. Continental Drift

Plates Collide Ocean Trenches are formed when two ocean plates collide, and one of them goes under the other one. When an ocean plate and continental plate collide it results in mountain building.

Plates Separate When plates move apart, gaps allow magma to rise. Lava-Magma that reaches the earth’s surface.

Plates Slide Earthquakes-are sudden, violent movements of Earth’s crust. Take place along earth’s faults. Breaks in the crust

Ring of Fire Region around the Pacific Plate. Produces violent earthquakes and volcanic eruption along the edges.

Weathering Process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces.

Erosion Movement of sediment from one location to another.