Attendance Climate Questions Climate Review Sheet answers You have a test tomorrow that is worth 40% of your grade.

How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?  75%

The recycling of water on Earth is called:  The Water Cycle

Water falling from the sky is called:  precipitation

Water changing from a liquid to a gas is called:  evaporation

The evaporation of water from vegetation is called  Transpiration

Water soaking into the ground is called  Infiltration

Water stored in the soil is called  groundwater

Water flowing across the surface of the Earth is called:  Run off

Ground water is _______ as it moves through the rock and soil.  Filtered

The steeper the slope, the ___ infiltration.  less

If something is saturated that means that the pore spaces are ______.  Filled

The percentage of pore spaces is called  Porosity

The greater the porosity the __________ the infiltration  Greater

Well-rounded particles have ______ porosity.  more

The more closely packed the particles, the ______ the porosity.  less

When all the particles are the same size, they are said to be ________.  Sorted

The ability of a material to allow fluids such as water to pass through it  Permeability

What does permeability depend on?  Shape of the pores  How well connected the pores are  If the rock is cemented together  How well the particles are sorted

An attractive force between water molecules and the soil or rock particles that moves water upward.  Capillarity

Plants, shrubs, trees and grass are called __________.  Vegetation

The more vegetation, the ______ the infiltration.  more

Roads, parking lots and buildings _________ run off.  increase

The amount of water in a stream is called ___________  Stream discharge

The greater the run off, the _______________ the stream discharge.  greater

When does flooding occur?  The stream overflows from its normal channel.  It rains faster than it can soak in.  There is storm surge from a hurricane.  There is a storm along a coastline.  Rising sea level

What do you do to prevent death or injury during a flood?  Move to higher ground  Have a citywide evacuation plan

Incoming Solar Radiation is called  Insolation

What are other names for Sunshine?  Insolation  Electromagnetic energy  Solar radiation  Short-wave radiation

What does intensity of insolation mean?  Strength of sunshine

The higher the angle of insolation, the _______ the intensity.  greater

The sun appears to rise in the _______.  east

The sun appears to set in the _______.  west

What does duration of insolation mean?  The length of time the sun shines.

When do we have the greatest duration of insolation?  June 21 st – over 15 hours

When do we have the least duration of insolation?  December 21 st

When does every one on Earth have exactly 12 hours of sunshine?  March or September 21st

What place on Earth has 24 hrs of daylight on June 21 st ?  The North Pole, 90 degrees N

The amount of energy it takes to raise one cubic centimeter one degree Celsius is called _________.  Specific Heat

Why does water heat up slowly?  Water has a higher specific heat.  Water reflects light more than land does.  Water is transparent so light heats up a greater volume.

The energy that the Earth gives off is called _____________________.  Terrestrial radiation

What are other names for energy that the Earth gives off?  Terrestrial Radiation  Long-wave radiation  Infrared energy

Gases in the atmosphere let sunshine in and traps the Earth’s energy near the Earth. This is called the __________________.  Greenhouse Effect

Name three greenhouse gases.  Carbon Dioxide  Water Vapor  Methane

What do humans do to unfortunately increase the greenhouse gases?  Deforestation  Burning fossil fuels  Digestion from animals

The atmospheric conditions for a large area for a large period of time is called __________.  Climate

Climate can be classified by looking at ________ and amount of ____________.  temperature precipitation

What factors affect climate?  Latitude  Large body of water  Prevailing winds  Surface ocean currents  Elevation above sea level  Mountains  Vegetation  Cloud Cover

The lower the latitude, the _________ the temperature.  higher

Describe the moderating effect.  Living by a large body of water  Water stays cool longer – making a cooler summer.  Water stays warm longer – making a warmer winter.

What are the Monsoons?  Seasonal shifts as the prevailing winds shift with the seasons in Asia.

Surface Ocean Currents carry _______________ to land.  Wind currents

Higher elevations have ________ elevations.  Lower

When one side of the mountain is cold and rainy and the other side is dry and warm, it is called the _______________________.  Orographic Effect

When rainforests are cut down, the area becomes ____________________.  Hotter and drier

Areas with a lot of clouds are _________ than areas without clouds.  cooler

List 3 reasons why the inside of the Earth is hot:  Radioactivity of the rocks in the Earth  Friction of the rocks moving toward the center of the Earth  Heat left over from the Earth’s formation

The movement of energy through the air is called ______________.  radiation

The movement of energy through solids is called _ _________ _____.  Conduction

The movement of energy through fluids is called _____________.  Convection