Tenses Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous

Simple Form Subject Verb Example Present Tense I sleep I sleep at 11 o’clock every night. Past Tense slept I slept at 11 p.m. last night. Verb ending in... How to make the 3rd person singular Example s Add -ES He passes z She dozes sh She wishes ch He watches consonant + y Change Y to I, then add -ES It flies [anything else] Add -S He sings

Continuous 1. The Present Continuous tense is usually used to express continuing, ongoing actions which are taking place at the moment of speaking or writing. 2. The Present Continuous tense is also often used to express temporary situations. Form Subject Verb Example Present Tense I am + cook + (ing) Right now I am cooking supper. Past Tense was + cook + (ing) I was cooking when he arrived. * I started cooking at 8 a.m., then he arrived at maybe 9 a.m., and I finished cooking half an hour later.

Perfect This tense indicates that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past. Form Subject Auxiliary Verb Past Participle Example Present Perfect Women have voted Women have voted in presidential elections since 1921. Past Perfect The war had ended By the time the troops arrived, the war had ended. We use the Present Perfect tense with time references that refer to the time up to now. For example: today, this week, this month, ever, never, already, recently, yet etc.

Perfect Continuous Form Subject Auxiliary Verb Main verb Time frame/Object Present I You We It have have not has been waiting talking playing raining for an hour. too much. football. * Has it been raining for days? Past had thinking about buying a new house but then we decided to stay here. ***The Past Perfect emphasizes completion (or the result of a completed action) while the Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration or activity of an action. Example : By the time we arrived, he had left the house. By the time we arrived, he had been playing poker for 2 hours.

Present Perfect Continuous 1. There is a connection with the present and (now). E.g., You don’t understand (now) because you haven’t been listening. She has been reading for hours. = started 2 hours ago and still reading. Past Perfect Continuous 1. We use it to say what had been happening before something else happened. E.g., It had been snowing for a while before we left. We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining. He was out of breath when he arrived because he had been running. 2. We use it when reporting things said in the past. E.g., She said she had been trying to call me all day. They said they had been shopping. I told you I had been looking for some new clothes.

Active & passive voice

Examples 1. The girls ate the pizza. (active) The pizza was eaten by the girls. (passive) 2. I cleaned the house, I fed the fish, and then I broke the expensive vase. The house was cleaned, the fish were fed, and then the expensive vase was broken. (passive) 3. Someone stole my car yesterday. (active) My car was stolen yesterday. (passive) 4. Someone kidnapped her. (active) She was kidnapped. (passive) Incidents of tragedy, accident or violence

Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice Simple Marcel cooks spicy food... Marcel cooked the meal... Marcel will cook the meal… Spicy food is cooked... The meal was cooked... The meal will be cooked… Continuous Someone in this class is taking... Someone in this class was taking... Someone in this class will be taking… Notes are being taken... Notes were being taken... Notes will be being taken… Perfect Jordan has cooked... Jordan had cooked... Jordan will have cooked… Curries have been cooked… Curries had been cooked... Curries will have been cooked… Perfect Continuous Jim has been studying... Jim had been studying... Jim will have been studying… It has been being studied.. It had been being studied.. It will have been being studied…

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