World Geography TodayChapter 24 Southern Africa Preview Section 1: Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments Section 2: History and CultureHistory and Culture Section 3: The Region TodayThe Region Today Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Read to Discover What are the main landforms and rivers of southern Africa? What climates, biomes, and natural resources are found in the region? Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Narrow coastal plain High plateau covers most of the region Escarpment—Separates plain from plateau; includes Drakensberg range Orange River—Flows west to Atlantic; hydroelectricity, irrigation Limpopo (Crocodile) River—To Indian Ocean Zambezi River—Victoria Falls Section 1: Natural Environments Landforms and Rivers

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Tropical wet and dry and semiarid climates; Mediterranean at Cape Town Madagascar—Tropical rainforest biome, with many species Desert biomes—Namib (beetles, lizards, snakes), Kalahari (many animals, including antelope, elephants) Okavango Swamps—Rich in plants and animals Grassland (veld) of South Africa—East of the Kalahari Section 1: Natural Environments Climates and Biomes

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Question What resources can be found in southern Africa? Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Resources of Southern Africa Petroleum in Angola Copper and iron in Zambia Coal in South Africa & Zimbabwe Diamonds in South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia Gold and platinum in South Africa Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Read to Discover What are some important events in the history of southern Africa? What are the region’s cultures like? Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Question What are some of the important events in southern Africa’s history? Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter Late 1400s Portuguese arrive Dutch arrive. 1800s British take over Cape area. 1800s Sotho kingdom flourishes. Late 1800s Diamonds and gold are discovered. 1899–1902 Boer War is fought South Africa gains independence ANC is established Apartheid is established. 1960s Most British colonies gain independence. 1970s Portuguese colonies gain independence Angola becomes communist Zimbabwe and Zambia gain independence Nelson Mandela is released from prison Mandela is elected president of South Africa. Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 24 First inhabitants were hunter-gatherers and animal herders Bantu migrations, beginning around A.D. 100 Arrival of Portuguese traders in the 1400s Dutch settlement at Cape Town (1652), followed by other Europeans Boer War (1899–1902) between British and Dutch settlers Independence—South Africa (1910), Angola and Mozambique (1970s), Zimbabwe (1980) Civil wars in Mozambique and Angola End of apartheid in South Africa; election of Nelson Mandela (1994) Section 2: History and Culture History

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Bantu languages widely spoken; white population speaks English and Afrikaans; governments often rely on European languages Religion—Traditional practices, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism Denser population in wetter eastern portion African traditions are strongest in rural areas and small towns Traditional villages surround kraal (cattle pen) Cities have European origins Section 2: History and Culture Cultural Features

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Read to Discover What are the main economic activities in southern Africa? What are the region’s cities like? What challenges face the people of southern Africa? Section 3: The Region Today

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Question What activities influence southern Africa’s economies? Section 3: The Region Today

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Southern Africa’s Economies Mineral Exports Gold in South Africa Oil in Angola Diamonds in Botswana Copper in Zambia Tourism Game parks in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe Tropical islands of Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles Informal Sector Foods and fruits, souvenirs Services such as car repair Found in the region’s large cities Section 3: The Region Today Farming Subsistence, local markets, commercial Tobacco, coffee, vanilla, corn, fruit, wheat

World Geography TodayChapter 24 South Africa is the most developed and diversified; Mozambique is the least. Farming is the chief activity, mostly subsistence but some commercial. Oil and minerals are increasingly important—gold, diamonds, copper. Informal sector (people who do not work for formal businesses) plays a key role. Tourism is important—wild game parks, beaches. Section 3: The Region Today Economic Activities

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Great contrasts—Wealthy suburbs, modern downtown areas, large slums Shantytowns—Despite poverty, many are well-organized Greater Johannesburg—Largest urban area; industrial center Townships—Apartheid-era areas for non-white South Africans Section 3: The Region Today Cities

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Poverty and its effects Urbanization—Overcrowding and pollution Droughts and floods Deforestation and species loss in Madagascar Disease, spread of HIV Section 3: The Region Today Challenges

World Geography TodayChapter 24 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1. What are two reasons the western part of southern Africa is drier than the eastern parts? 2. Which Europeans settled in what is now South Africa? How did these peoples interact with each other? 3. What was the apartheid system? When did it end? 4. What are some features that attract tourists to southern Africa? 5. Why has life expectancy in southern Africa dropped in recent years? How do you think such changes might affect future population growth in the region?