G Balasubramanian

 Individual position on a learning curve  Position in a given learning cohort  Position in a given universe

 A marking scheme contains value points for assessment.  They are suggestive.  The evaluator has the flexibility to award so long as the value point is reflected.

 It reduces ambiguity in evaluation  It reduces subjectivity in evaluation  Ir provides standards for evaluation.  It is a normative tool for the entire universe of the examinees.

 Identification of schools/ candidates  Focus on the remuneration by increasing the quantity of evaluated papers  Poor computation of marks  No standardized procedures for addition or recording.

 It reflects the performance profile of examinees in a given situation.  It shows a meaningful profile when the volume of the examinees is large  It is just an indicator.  There is no pre-condition that it has to remain always normal.  The standard curve is never forced on a cohort

 In all normal conditions the curve is skewed.  Skewing could be positive or negative.

 When the question paper is too easy.  When the evaluation is quite liberal and subjective.  When the given cohort are high profile and high performing learners.  When the volume of the examinees is quite less.  When the marking scheme is not objective

 When the question paper is quite difficult.  When the questions are out of focus or syllabus.  When the performance profile of the learners is low  When the learning experiences have been inadequate  When the evaluation is quite tight and rigorous.  When the marking scheme is not objective

 Undue emphasis on a given mark  Psychological pressure on examiners to award a given mark  Moderation or standardization focusing on a given mark  Student performances targeting a given mark

 Standard Deviation  The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are.  Its symbol is σ (the greek letter sigma)  The formula is easy: it is the square root of the Variance.  The Variance is defined as: The average of the squared differences from the Mean.

 Standard deviation is the measure of dispersion away from the mean, or average, value

 Relating the mean score of a school in a subject with that of the Board score.  Relating the distribution profile of the learners of a school with that of the Board.

yesNo  Why not?  Why should I?

 Perceptional variations  Indifference in observations  Oversights  Misconceptions about answers/questions

 Lack of focus/attention  Speed of assessment  Personal preferences  Poor handwriting  Styles of answers  Ideological differences

 Case relating to the question ◦ The most ideal man I know

 Give an example of Antibiotics.

 Does the teacher have adequate knowledge?  Does the teacher have adequate competence?  Does the teacher take the task with seriousness it deserves?  Mindsets in evaluation

 What are its strengths?  What are its demerits?

 Monitoring  Mentoring  Supervising

 The format of writing a letter

 Lack of knowledge of the subject area

 All students getting the same marks in a given subject  All students getting the same marks in Maths and sciences

 Data Entry errors