By Maxim Tarasenko

In ancient times, Scotland was inhabited by the Picts and the Galls, the V-VI centuries came here from Ireland Scots, who gave the name of this place (country of Scots).

After several centuries of fighting with the Picts, the Scots in 843,was crowned king here of Kenneth Mac-Alpine.

During the reign of King Indulf ( ), the Scots took the fortress later called Edinburgh.

In the XI century, there was a social, political and religious revolution - the Scottish king Malcolm Kenmore, who had married an English princess Margaret, began to seek to enter the English language and traditions.

The Scottish army invaded the northern counties of England, but was defeated near Alnico in 1174, and William Leo was captured. To back the freedom he could just go to contract in Falaise. The contract was written that Scotland will attempt England, and Scotland the Church attempt to the Church of England.

Needy with money for a crusade English King Richard I Lionheart of brands recognized the independence of Scotland in the newly enclosed the contract in 1189 in Canterbury. The Scottish Church was declared independent from British and directly subordinate to the papal throne.

The end of the XIII century. Scotland became a serious challenge. Since the straight line of the rulers of Scotland ended, and Edward(King of England) helped John become King of Scotland (one of the pretenders to the throne), and began to ask him in return for non-executable things, in response to such behavior John renewed the alliance with France and Norway, and came out openly against Edward

In response to the actions of John England invaded Scotland and relatively easily capture the whole country. John was captured and signed July 10, 1296 abdication of Scotland, he was deprived of his dignity and knightly arms. The rights of the suzerain vassal's refused to flax, Edward declared himself king of Scotland, and Scotland lost its independence.

British authorities were so severe, that a year later the Scots rose in rising, led by William Wallace and Andrew de Moray, the English army at the Battle of Sterling Bridge was destroyed. Scotland, was freed from British troops, and William Wallace was elected Guardian of Scotland. Edward I was furious resistance of the Scots, following an invasion led by himself and in 1298 at the Battle Folkerkskoy defeated the Scots. William escaped and soon William was betrayed Scottish knight John de Menteysom, and arrested.

After the resistance led by Red Comin and Bruce Robert I, the remaining contestants in an attempt to seize the throne of Scotland. Bruce killed Comin in the church during the meeting and became king. After a long and hard war, he won a final victory over the British at the Battle of Bennokberne in The troops of the English King Edward II were defeated, and the king fled. But after the death of Robert the Bruce I war broke out again for Scotland ( ), Edward Balliol in it, supported by the King of England, Edward III, disputed the throne from the heirs of Robert I the Bruce.