Fossil Fuels

Where does the name come from?????

3 types: Solid: Coal Liquid: Oil Gas: Natural Gas

Why do they have energy? Carbon bonds

How do we release the Energy? Burn them!!!!

For Each…. Formation Extraction Energy Production and Uses Environmental Problems

Account for 90% of world energy consumption 40% Oil 24% Coal 22% NG

Coal

Coal Intro Cheapest and most polluting Used for centuries but did not become dominant fuel until 18th century (replaced wood) Fueled Industrial Revolution US has ~25% of world’s coal China has large deposits too

Remnants of…. Ancient PLANT material from SWAMPY LAND LEPIDODENDREN SIGILLARIA

WHEN??? Carboniferous Period 360-290 mys

Needs…. Partial Decomposition Time Heat Pressure

Terms Moss Peat Lignite Bituminous Anthracite

Peat: “Pre-coal”; Low heat content 1. Lignite- Youngest; Largest portion; Lowest C content Soft coal, brown-black in color, soft, woody texture Moist & produces little heat Often used in power plants Found in Western states 2. Bituminous Coal (most common) Also soft (but harder than lignite) Dull to bright black with dull bands Contains sulfur (which means…) Produces lots of heat so used by power plants- most common 3. Anthracite or Hard Coal Exposed to extremely high temps during formation Burns most cleanly Highest heat-producing capacity

Oil and Natural Gas

Intro 1940s:oil & ng become important (easier to transport and cleaner) Distribution is uneven Half of the oil: Persian Gulf Half the ng: Russia & Iran Exist on continental shelf Usually discovered under structural traps (geological features that trap oil or ng) Supplies will run out before coal

Remnants of…. Ancient AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC organisms

When???? Carboniferous Period

Needs…. Partial Decomposition Time Heat Pressure Natural Gas= higher temperatures

http://www.npr.org/news/specials/climate/video/

Extraction of Fossil Fuels How do we get them out of the ground????

Coal Surface Strip Open Pit Mountaintop Removal Subsurface Slope Shaft

Strip

Open Pit

Mountaintop Removal http://www.colbertnation .com/the-colbert-report- videos/261997/january- 18-2010/coal-comfort--- margaret-palmer

Shaft

Slope

Problems? Surface? Ruins the Environment Subsurface? Dangerous

Oil and Natural Gas Drilling for petroleum (land or ocean) Refine- separate Drilling & Fracking http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=timfvNgr_Q4

http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=e_CcrgKLyzc&f eature=related

Uses

Energy Generation

Coal Electricity Generation Industrial Processes

Oil Transportation Fuels Industrial Processes Cement Plastic Heating

Natural Gas Heating Electricity

Environmental Problems Concept Map Time I will give you the pollutants- you link them to environmental issues

Coal: CO2, SO2, Hg Oil: CO2, Nox Natural Gas: CO2