Rocks vs. Minerals What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? A mineral is... It is composed of ______________________ _________________ (i.e. mercury, copper, gold, diamond). A mineral is _________________ (formed from materials other than plants or animals) There are over __________ minerals

Rocks vs. Minerals What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? A rock is... Some rocks are made up of ______________ (i.e. pure marble is made of calcite) Some rocks are made up of ______________ __________ (i.e. granite is made up of quartz, feldspar and mica)

Categories of Rocks Rocks are the building blocks of all land formations on Earth. They can be divided into three distinct categories…

 Igneous Rock is…  Igneous Rock has been given the name ______________ for this reason.  Granite is a very popular form of this type of rock. The _____________________________ __________________ are composed mostly of this type of rock.

 Magma cooling deep within the earth at a very slow rate allows ___________________ ___________________.  Magma cooling near the surface at a quick rate ___________________________.

 Igneous Rock comes in two forms…  Extrusive Igneous is …  Intrusive Igneous is …

 Through the process of weathering, solid rock is…  Wind, streams and rivers are then able to carry these smaller rocks and sediment to…

 After thousands to millions of years have passed many meters of these sediments are…  They form many unique landscapes that are popular for recreational activities such as… Sandstone formation at the Obed River Gorge in Tennesee.

 If the sediments were composed of clay or mud, then resulting sedimentary rock was __________.  If the sediments were sand, then __________ was formed.  Leaf imprints or the shells of marine life embedded in sedimentary stone are examples of __________.  The shells of dead sea animals have formed the __________ and ___________ we see today. Sandstone formation at the Obed River Gorge in Tennesee.

 The term metamorphic means…  When igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rock are exposed to ______________________ _________________ they change into metamorphic rock.  Changes in the temperature and pressure conditions cause minerals in the rock to…

 Marble is an example of a metamorphic rock which develops from …  Shale becomes ___________.  Quartz becomes __________.  Granite turns into _________.

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

Liquid (molten) rock material solidifies at depth or at the earth's surface to form IGNEOUS ROCKS. Because magma is liquid and usually less dense than surrounding solid rock, it moves upward to cooler regions of the Earth IGNEOUS ROCKS Uplift and exposure of rocks at the Earth's surface destabilizes these mineral structures. The minerals break down into smaller grains which are transported and deposited as sediments. The sediments are lithified (compacted and cemented), and SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are formed.SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Changes in temperature, pressure, and/or rock or fluid chemistry can allow igneous and sedimentary rocks to change physically or chemically to form METAMORPHIC ROCKS. At higher temperatures, metamorphic (or any other rock type) rocks may be partially melted, and crystallization of this melt will create igneous rocks. Uplift and erosion can expose all rock types at the surface, re-initiating the cycle.” METAMORPHIC ROCKS The Rock Cycle

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Rock Identification Taking a Closer Look at Rocks! Be careful where you step. Be careful how you walk. With each step you take, you are being supported by a foundation of rocks. Rocks that are old, rocks that are young, rocks that are small, rocks that are big, rocks that are sharp, rocks that are smooth, rocks that are colourful. The three categories of rocks we have been studying are… IGNEOUS ROCKSEDIMENTARY ROCKMETAMORPHIC ROCK With your knowledge of rocks in mind, your task will be to observe at least six different types of rocks and classify them as either igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. To do this you will need to answer the questions below for each of your rock specimens. Once you have filled in the chart, refer to the “Decision Tree Sheet” where you will work through a process that will help you in your classification process. Once you believe you have identified your specimen, you must place it in the proper rock circle.

Rock Identification Rock 1Rock 2Rock 3Rock 4Rock 5Rock 6Rock 7 Optional Rock 8 Optional Rock Colour Texture Description Does the specimen smudge or smear? Can you see minerals or crystals inside? Are the grains loosely held? Does the specimen have distinct layers? Is the specimen fine grained? Does the specimen break into flat pieces? Is the specimen shiny? Does the specimen have bubbles? To classify as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic move to the “Decision Tree”.

Rock Identification START Does the specimen have distinct layers? Are the grains loosely held?YESSandstone (Sedimentary) YESNOGneiss (Metamorphic) YESSchist (Metamorphic) YES Is the specimen shiny? YESDoes the specimen break NOShale (Sedimentary) into pieces? NO Limestone (Sedimentary) NO Is the specimen fine grained? YES Basalt (Igneous) NODoes the specimen have bubbles? NO Granite (Igneous) Rock 1Rock 2Rock 3Rock 4Rock 5Rock 6Rock 7Rock 8 Rock Classification