0 EUROPE

Physical Geography of Europe  Most of Europe lies within 300 mile of the coast  How do you think this affects their life?  Advantages: fish, transportation, hydroelectric power  Polders – reclaimed land that once was underwater, used for farming and settlement  Disadvantages: floods  Dikes- large banks (like a seawall) of earth and stone to hold back water

Peninsula of Peninsulas  Europe is a large peninsula made up of smaller peninsulas Northern Peninsulas  Scandinavia  Norway, Sweden Finland  fjords  Jutland  Denmark  Baltic  Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, little bit of Russia

 Southern Peninsulas  Iberian  Spain & Portugal  Rugged mountains prevented migration for centuries  Apennine  Italy & Vatican City  Active volcano – Mount Vesuvius

 Balkan  Greece, Albania, & Macedonia  Rugged landscape encourages water transportation

Monaco- most of it. St. Peter’s Square

Formula 1 Grand Prix

Mountain Regions  The Alps  Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, & Austria  Pyrenees  Spain and France  Apennines  Italy  Carpathian Mnts.  Romania, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine

River Systems  Sharp contrasts between river systems throughout Europe  Scandinavia’s rivers are short  Iberia’s rivers are narrow  What is a disadvantage of these characteristics?  The Rhine runs through Switzerland, France, & Germany  The Danube runs through Germany, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, & Bulgaria  What are the advantages of such long rivers?  What river in the USA has this advantage?

 Peone, France Seine River - Paris, France

Plains Regions  North European Plain  Includes SE England, W. France, Poland, Ukraine, and part of Russia  Heavily populated area due to:  Rich soil  Define loess  Mineral deposits  Great Hungarian Plain  Agriculture  Livestock

  Take out your GeoJournals, get ready to turn them in.   Pick up map directions on the red desk

The Rhine The Danube Budapest, Hungary

 Cinque Terre, Italy Amsterdam, Holland/Netherlands

Mont St. Michel, France

Natural Resources  The Industrial Revolution in the 18 th and 19 th centuries capitalized on Europe’s resources.  What was the most common source of energy utilized at this time?  How has this affected the environment?  Areas lacking in mineral resources have found alternative energy sources  Peat – vegetable matter burned for fuel

Industry  Heavy and light  60% W. Europe: Service  Banking, Technology, Tourism  Farming:  Depend on climate and geography  Mixed farming: crops and livestock  Farming Co-op  Collective farms (state owned, USSR)  Communications:  RR: TGV fastest train in the world  2000: bridge b/w Demark and Sweden  Autobahen  Rotterdam: largest port in the world Port of Rotterdam

10 mile long bridge 2.5 mile long tunnel

European Union  1950: common market for coal and steel (EEC)  1992: Maastricht treaty: set up EU  Free trade  Single currency  Common foreign policy  Central Bank  Original 12 members:  Be-Ne-Lux, FR, IT, GER, GR, SP, IR, PR, UK, Den  2002: Euro

 3 official candidates  Turkey, Croatia, Macedonia  Potential candidates:  Albania, Bosnia, Serbia, Iceland, Montenegro  27 member countries  Switzerland and Norway: not members  UK member, doesn’t use Euro EU Parliament EU Central Bank

European court of Justice, Luxembourg Euro Zone Countries

Islands   Iceland   Volcanoes, hot springs geysers   British Isles   GB and Ireland: hills, cool temps   Sicily, Corsica, Crete   Greece   Rugged landscape