Unit G1- Environmental Chemistry Rocks & Soils

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Presentation transcript:

Unit G1- Environmental Chemistry Rocks & Soils Form Group 3G 27th November 2006

What is a Rock? A rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals. They are classified by mineral and chemical composition, by the texture of the constituent particles and by the processes that formed them.

Types of Rocks

Rock Types Type Examples Characteristics Sedimentary Sandstone Limestone Grainy and Crubly. They may contain fossils. Metamorphic Slate Marble -Small crystals in layers (or bands). Hard and smooth. Igneous Basalt Granite -Small crystals due to fast cooling. Hard rocks. -Large crystals due to slow cooling. Hard rocks.

Weathering? Process of disintegration of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct, or indirect contact with the atmosphere. Physical Biological Chemical

Physical Weathering Effect of the sun During the day the rocks are warmed up and expand while... ...at night they cool down and contract. Rocks cracking and eventually breaking up. Effect of freezing water Any water which gets into cracks in rocks will expand when it freezes. Cracks will get bigger and bigger... The rock will break up into smaller pieces

Chemical Weathering e.g. Acid Rain Due to chemical reactions between substances in the rock and acidic rainwater. e.g. Acid Rain

Biological Weathering Due to the actions of plants and animals.

About Soils... 6 different components: 1 – Rock Particles Soils forms when the rocks are physically and chemically weathered over the years. 6 different components: 1 – Rock Particles 2 – Mineral Salts 3 – Humus 4 – Water 5 – Air 6 – Living organisms

Soil Types Sandy 2. Clay 3. Loam or Silt