The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation Learning Goal To identify causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation

What does it mean to reform something? Change!!!

Protestant Reformation October 31, 1517

What was the Protestant Reformation? Protestant Reformation - a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Long-Term CAUSES POLITICAL: Germany difficult to govern; German princes resented Pope’s authority & wanted Church property ECONOMIC: Many merchants resented sending their money to the Church in Rome

Long-Term CAUSES cont. RELIGIOUS: Worldly behavior of Popes; many members of the clergy were engaged in corruption, abusing power. SOCIAL: Renaissance ideas of secularism & individualism were in conflict with Church’s teachings; Gutenberg’s printing press

Short-Term CAUSES Indulgences – paying to be forgiven 95 Theses – Martin Luther’s arguments posted for discussion Diet of Worms (1521) – Luther declared a heretic for not recanting

Life of Martin Luther Studying to be a lawyer Had personal religious experience-fear Became Priest/teacher at the Church in Wittenberg, Germany

95 Theses A. Salvation through faith NOT good works or indulgences (letters of pardon) B. The Bible, not the pope, is the ultimate authority C. All people who have faith are equal; therefore, there is no need for priests D. Priests can marry

Clip of Martin Luther List possible Causes of corruption in the Catholic Church as you view the clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXzvXeJTZtY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Life of Martin Luther Excommunicated in 1520 Tried at Diet of Worms in 1521 “Here I stand…” Began a religious War

John Calvin Huguenot (French Protestant  Switzerland) agreed with Luther about faith not works Predestination: God has chosen a few “elect” people to save – only God knows who is saved and who is not Established a theocracy – a government controlled by church leaders (Geneva)

Counter-Reformation Society of Jesuits – spread Catholicism through education & missionary work Reform papacy – eliminate corruption & worldliness Council of Trent: reaffirmed Catholic beliefs – 7 Sacraments, good works, celibacy Jesuit founder: Ignatius of Loyola

Henry VIII 1529 Wanted a divorce to produce an heir Established the Anglican Church (Church of England) with the Act of Supremacy in 1534 No real doctrinal changes

Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Restored Protestantism in England after “Bloody” Mary by compromising between Catholics & Protestants Elizabeth disliked and punished extreme Protestants and extreme Catholics who tried to convert people to their faiths.

Short-term Effects European wars & persecutions Religious Divisions in Western Europe

Short-term Effects Council of Trent The Catholic- or Counter-Reformation

Long-term Effects Protestant churches spring up Political figures (kings) gain authority over Church Independent city-states develop Absolute power of Catholic Church broken Catholic Church stops abuses; Jesuits establish schools, & seek converts

Impact on the United States Years (80) later, the Pilgrims & Puritans who followed John Calvin’s strict teachings thought the Anglican Church needed to be “purified” Some left for the Americas; others stayed in England & rebelled against King Charles I www.teachnet.ie/jheffernan/2005/anewworld.htm biblia.com/christianity2/3b-puritans.htm http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild:Oliver_cromwell.jpg

Branches of Christianity

Questions What was the Protestant Reformation? What was an economic cause? What was a political cause? What was a social cause? What was a religious cause?

Questions Who wrote the 95 Thesis? What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church’s teachings? Why was John Calvin important? Why were Henry VIII and Elizabeth I important? Why was Ignatius Loyola important?

Questions What were some immediate effects of the Reformation? What were some long-term effects of the Reformation? What were some effects of the Reformation on America?

Definition of Terms Reformation Protestant Theses Indulgence Peace of Augsberg

Vocabulary Reformation Protestant Theses Indulgence Peace of Augsberg a. Money given to Church in order to obtain forgiveness b. Scholarly arguments meant to invite debate over a topic c. Reform of Christian faith – early attempts were unsuccessful d. After Charles V fought German princes, each prince could decide religion e. Christians who protested against the Catholic Church formed the 3rd branch of Christianity Reformation Protestant Theses Indulgence Peace of Augsberg

Branches of Christianity Catholicism (1054) Orthodox (1054) Protestant (1517)

4 Main Protestant Branches Lutheranism followed Luther; against indulgences; faith not works, & importance of the Bible Calvinism – Followed John Calvin & his teachings of predestination; important to Pilgrims & Puritans who sought religious freedom in the Americas

4 Main Protestant Branches Anglican King Henry VIII & Elizabeth I in England Anabaptist Adult baptism and complete separation of church and state