International migration and development: Global policies and implications for data collection Bela Hovy, Chief Migration Section Population Division/DESA United Nations, New York Training workshop on international migration statistics (ESCWA, DESA, ALO, MEDSTAT) Cairo, Egypt, 30 June – 3 July 2009

United Nations Population Division/DESA Presentation overview I. I. Defining international migration (1) II. II. Global migration trends (4) III. III. Global migration policies (3) IV. IV. International migration and development at the United Nations (2) V. V. Implications for data collection (4) VI. VI. Conclusions (1)

United Nations Population Division/DESA Defining international migration   Stocks and flows Stocks: population at a certain date Flows: movement during a certain period   Long-term (>1 yr) and short-term (<1 yr)   Voluntary and forced Long-term settlement, work, study, family, … Conflict, persecution, natural disasters, …   Legal and illegal (irregular)   Spontaneous or organized

United Nations Population Division/DESA No. of international migrants rises, but stable as % of total population

United Nations Population Division/DESA International migrants concentrated in limited number of countries

United Nations Population Division/DESA Most migrants are in the North (61%), but from the South (65%) 53 million North South 61 million 62 million 14 million North South

United Nations Population Division/DESA Remittances received by the South show a sharp rise Remittances received by the South show a sharp rise (Source: World Bank, in billions of US dollars)

United Nations Population Division/DESA Fewer Governments want to reduce their immigration levels % countries

United Nations Population Division/DESA National immigration policies Policies become less restrictive Policies become less restrictive New policies allow for selective migration of skilled migration New policies allow for selective migration of skilled migration New policies to develop temporary (circular) migration schemes New policies to develop temporary (circular) migration schemes Great diversity of policy positions Great diversity of policy positions

United Nations Population Division/DESA Main international instruments States Party International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Convention relating to the Status of Refugees Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 34

United Nations Population Division/DESA International migration and development United Nations General Assembly International Conference on Population and Development, 1994 (ICPD, Cairo) High-level Dialogue, 2006 Global Forum on Migration and Development (‘07-’12) Special Representative of the Secretary-General Global Migration Group (13 UN agencies and IOM) One-day informal thematic debate, 2011 High-Level Dialogue, 2013

United Nations Population Division/DESA Global Forum on Migration and Development Athens, 2 – 5 November, 2009 Theme: Integrating migration policies into development strategies for the benefit of all Civil Society Days (2-3 Nov) Roundtables (4-5 Nov) 1. Migration, development and achieving MDGs (development planning; diaspora; financial crisis) 2. Integration, return and circulation for development 3. Policy, institutional coherence, partnerships

United Nations Population Division/DESA Policy focus Source Transnational communities Census / pop. register (ori./dest.), consulates Remittances SNA, central bank, surveys Circular and return migration ? Labour export (incl. highly-skilled migration [brain drain]) Employment abroad agency, consulates, census (dest.) Irregular migration Combining census and adm. sources Trafficking and smuggling Min. of labour, immigration Refugees and asylum National RSD procedures, UNHCR Immigration / labour import Work permits, residence permits, visa, registers Causes and impact of international migration Surveys comparing migrants and non-migrants

United Nations Population Division/DESA Recommendations (CGD Commission) Include basic questions in census and disseminate results quickly and in detail Include basic questions in census and disseminate results quickly and in detail Compile and publish relevant administrative data Compile and publish relevant administrative data Include migration modules in existing household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …) Include migration modules in existing household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …) Provide access to micro-data Provide access to micro-data Build institutional capacity Build institutional capacity

United Nations Population Division/DESA

United Nations Population Division/DESA International migrant stock from India by country of birth or citizenship, latest available data No data ,000 – 9,999 10,000 – 99, ,000 and over

United Nations Population Division/DESA The bottom line 1) International migration no longer “business as usual” (policy main driver) 2) Time to act is now (2010 census round) 3) Progress is easy: “low hanging fruit”  If we fail NOW, it will take another 10 years before similar opportunity

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