Lecture 4: Reflexes and Spinal Circuits. Sensory systems CNS Movement Afferent pathway Efferent pathway.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 4: Reflexes and Spinal Circuits

Sensory systems CNS Movement Afferent pathway Efferent pathway

Reflex... n A simple neural circuit example of sensory and motor systems. n Involuntary action or movement that occurs in response to a stimulus. For example: sneeze, cough, yawn, blink. For example: sneeze, cough, yawn, blink.

Examples... n Cough, irritant enters the windpipe and we need to expel it through our mouth. n Sneeze, clear out nasal air passages of irritants and allergens.

Sensory neurons: Also named afferent neurons: Carry messages to the CNS (brain and/or spinal cord).

Motor neurons : Also named efferent neurons: Carry messages away from the CNS (brain and/or spinal cord).

Each reflexive action usually involves more than two neurons between nerve cells (neurons). Each reflexive action usually involves more than two neurons between nerve cells (neurons).

Interneurons n A nerve cell that forms synapses with sensory and motor neurons to integrate sensory input and motor output.

Motor example: Knee Jerk Reflex (Patellar reflex)

Knee Jerk reflex... n Also named a monosynaptic reflex. (one connection, therefore two neurons)

Monosynaptic reflex n Only one synapse in the neural circuit is needed to complete the reflex. n The tap below the knee causes the thigh muscle to stretch. n Information is sent to the spinal cord, where it’s sent back to the muscle and we get a reflex.

Reflexes: n Serve as primitive responses to protect our bodies from danger. n Help us to adjust to our surroundings. Are all movements reflexive monosynaptic??