Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 7.7

Smooth ER looks smooth because it lacks ribosomes. synthesize lipids, including phospholipids, and steroids detoxify drugs and poisons Rough ER -ribosomes protein synthesis and transfer of proteins to transport vesicles Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 7.11

Many transport vesicles from the ER travel to the Golgi apparatus for packaging & secretion. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The lysosome is a membrane-bounded sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digests macromolecules. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 7.13a

The lysosomal enzymes and membrane are synthesized by rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi. At least some lysosomes bud from the Golgi. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig phagocytosis

Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 7.8

Vesicles and vacuoles (larger versions) are membrane-bound sacs with varied functions. Food vacuoles, from phagocytosis, fuse with lysosomes. Contractile vacuoles, found in freshwater protists, pump excess water out of the cell. Central vacuoles are found in plant cells. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Both organelles have DNA that direct the synthesis of the polypeptides, internal ribosomes grow and reproduce as semiautonomous organelles. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy transformers of cells Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of fuels in the presence of oxygen. Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria (1-10 microns)

Chloroplasts (plastids) found in plants and eukaryotic algae - green pigment chlorophyll Photosynthesis - convert solar energy to chemical energy and synthesize new organic compounds from CO 2 and H 2 O. Amyloplasts, a type of plastid, store starch in roots and tubers.