RADARSAT Constellation Mission Daniel De Lisle on behalf of Steve Iris (RCM Mission Manager)

2 RCM Key Mission Drivers Continuity of C-Band SAR for Operational Users Improved revisit over wide areas Responsive Ground Segment (tasking and latency) Smaller, more cost efficient satellite development Improved reliability (i.e. redundancy and scalability) Evolution to wider Operational use Government-owned and operated

Mission Mission imaging requirements are tailored to cover the areas identified by the government users, including both Canadian and international imaging for Canadian users. Allocations are made for extra imaging capacity that may be used to fulfill international commitments. RCM data are expected to dramatically enhance Canada's ability to manage resources and the environment and improve security by providing an operational surveillance system. The RCM will be a fully Government of Canada (GoC) owned and operated mission focused on meeting GoC User Department’s needs and requirements in three Core Use Areas: Maritime Surveillance Disaster Management Ecosystem Monitoring

4 Core Use Areas Maritime SurveillanceDisaster ManagementEnvironmental Monitoring Ice & Iceberg Monitoring Pollution Monitoring Vessel Detection –Including AIS Marine Winds Forestry Protected Areas & Wildlife Habitat Agriculture Wetlands Coastal Change Flood Monitoring Windstorms Earthquakes Landslides Volcanic Activity Permafrost

Maritime Surveillance Ice Monitoring Assuring safe year round navigation in the ice-covered of the Arctic, the Great Lakes and the east coast of Canada by providing valuable information about ice conditions. ScanSAR Wide data at a resolution of 100m twice daily Ship monitoring Identifying and monitoring all ships 96 hours before they enter Canadian waters or ports. AIS capability Marine winds Wind speed and direction monitoring Oil pollution monitoring Enhanced potential to support oil spill control and cleansing. Contributing to ISTOP

Ecosystem Monitoring Forestry Clearcut harvest with partial cut detection, forest typing, biomass estimation, and disturbance detection Agriculture Monitoring crop conditions, soil properties and by mapping tillage activities Wetlands Provide regular coverage on a multi-year cycle of all Canadian wetland areas for mapping activities Coastal Change monitoring Regular monitoring of Canadian coastlines with focus on most sensitive areas

Disaster Management Flood Monitoring Floods damage assessment and rescue support. ScanSAR Wide or Narrow at medium resolution (50-100m). Windstorms Contributing to the Hurricane Watch program by providing daily global coverage of the storms from space Earthquake Frequent acquisitions with a swath of at least 200km over tectonic active areas to develop high-resolution maps of earthquake deformations Landslide 4-day CCD using SAR interferometry to provide early warning of potential disasters and monitor critical infrastructure Volcano-surface deformation monitoring Permafrost- SAR interferometry

User & Science Team The U&ST was formed at the early stage of the project (2005-phase A) to engage end user department to ensure requirements would be addressed and capture in the mission development. User Requirements Document U&ST primary work was to develop the URD including inputs from Canadian Government Departments stakeholders. Mission Requirements Document URD was used as the input to the development of the MRD. This hi-level document is keeping updated to ensure that the end-to-end system meets the mission objectives and user requirements. Users involvement

ApplicationGeographic Coverage RevisitResolutionEnd Use Ice and iceberg monitoring Great Lakes Coastal zones (3 oceans) Shipping lanes DailyMediumIce charts Marine windsGreat Lakes Coastal zones (2 oceans) Twice dailyLowMarine weather and weather forecasting Oil pollutionShipping lanes Coastal zones DailyMediumISTOP (Marine pollution) program Spill response Ship detection1200nm (above 42˚ N)Daily or betterMedium to highDomain awareness product ForestryForest areas of CanadaAnnualMediumState of the forest report Protected areas and wildlife habitat Parks and sensitive areas AnnualMedium to HighChange map AgricultureCultivated land in Canada Weekly (seasonal) Medium (30m)Crop classification, crop yield products, tillage practice product WetlandsWetlands in CanadaAnnualMedium to HighChange map Coastal changeCoastlines 3% highly sensitive MonthlyLow to MediumChange map User requirements summary

Imaging Modes

11 Imaging Modes 1 Even if there is no requirement on Quad-Pol mode, here is the performance currently estimated by MDA: - range resolution:8m (approximately) - azimuth resolution:6m - swath width:20km - accessible swath:250km centring on 35 deg. incidence - NESZ:<-25dB 2

Ice Monitoring Arctic Weekly – Dec.- May Daily – June – Nov. Inland Lakes Weekly – Oct. to June GL, East Coast & Nfld. Daily – Dec. - August West Coast Daily -- Year Round GL & East Coast Daily -- June-November Arctic Daily -- June – Nov. Open Water Areas Oil Pollution West Coast Daily -- Year Round GL & East Coast Daily -- May-November Arctic Daily -- June – Nov. Open Water Areas Marine WindsShips Detection Maritime Operational User Needs Coverage Areas

Average Daily Coverage of Marine AOIs Accessibility with 3 satellites of Cdn marine zones at Medium 50m resolution

4-day coverage of AAFC AOIs with all ascending passes using the Med Res 30m mode.

Standard Coverage Concept Issue –Large geographic and temporal overlaps in Users and Applications requirements –Various preferred imaging modes Approach –Analyse User imaging requirements spatially and temporally over the annual cycle to determine a "feasible" imaging plan, with agreed upon compromises in overlapping zones Result  Standard Coverage –Collections of data acquired routinely in harmonized and de-conflicted imaging modes intended to optimize and maximize the utility of the data across all User requirements

Simulated Standard Coverage for maritime surveillance

17 Coherent Change Detection Short-period (4-day) Coherent Change Detection (CCD) will be a unique capability ScanSAR (125 km) and Stripmap (25 km) modes optimized for CCD Requires tight Orbital Tube maintenance  100 to 200 m specification

18 Compact Polarization Sea Ice Characterization m-  Composite Sea Ice Typing   RH vs  Source: CCRS & EC-CIS

19 Compact Polarization Agriculture Crop Classification m-  Composite Classification Seasonal Results HH & VVCP parameters Source: AAFC &CCRS

Classes of Products Raw Products –Raw Radar data in FRED format Image Products –Processed SAR images –Variety of processing levels single-look complex products, multi-looked power-detected geo-referenced products geo-coded products –Include a “Doppler Grid” with 2 km spacing –Same format as RADARSAT-2: GeoTIFF images with xml meta-data Information Products –Ship detection products: xml files with Time, Location, Confidence measure, Estimated RCS and length System Products

Global Access: Can image anywhere except an area within 1500 km of the south pole (right-looking only) Global Revisit: 24 hours on average (any point can be imaged 12 times in 12 days) Real-time downlink over Canadian maritime areas of interest Most products ready for delivery within minutes of downlink to a Canadian Data Reception Facility Capability to downlink data acquired over Canadian Maritime Areas of Interest within 3 hours of acquisition outside Canadian station mask Capability to downlink data acquired over Canadian Land Areas of Interest within 2 hours of acquisition Products available within 48 hours of receipt of an order for an acquisition anywhere in the world Fast tasking: 4 hours Access, Throughput and Latency

Data Policy RCM Priority Roles Serve public interest by responding to requirements of Canadian government departments and Canadian non- commercial users Pursue commercial thrust for data distribution and value- added services Support science and applications development by industry and academia Monitoring long term scientific phenomena RCM focuses on operational users for which “Standard Coverages” will be defined

Data Policy Considerations Regulation RCM is subject to the Cdn Remote Sensing Space Systems Act (RSSSA) which will determine what data may become public and who can access RCM data more generally. Within limitations of the RSSSA and other security elements: Standard Coverages serve all operational users –Most of their data would become public RCM Archives are intended to be Free and Open, accessible on- line through an on-line catalogue (except for commercial and sensitive data)

24 Data Utilization & Applications Plan Ensure Optimum use of the data when system becomes operational for Canadian Government Users Facilitate the integration of RCM data into existing operational applications of RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2. Support the integration of RCM data into applications that have been demonstrated to the point where they are fully integrated into the operations of OGDs in support of their mandates Support science, research and development activities for potential new applications or improve existing ones. Facilitate the utilisation and access to data, product and services produced by RCM to users.

International Collaboration: RCM – Sentinel-1 GoC Users want easier access to multiple SAR missions  Both missions are C-Band SARs at the same frequency Collaboration could improve GoC Users coverage, reduce latencies, and provide complementary data/modes Simplified access and synergy with Sentinel-1 could alleviate potential data acquisition conflicts within RCM Collaboration would maximize the use – and potential benefit to respective Users – of both RCM and Sentinel- 1 data

RCM – Sentinel-1 Collaboration The following collaborative activities are currently explored: Joint / integrated pre-defined acquisition plans (complementarities in observations / modes, increased revisit, etc.) Level 1 Product format Harmonization of catalogue interface Development of common tools Harmonized communication, joint publications etc. Joint calibration working group is being set up

Summary RADARSAT Constellation Mission is designed to continue/enhance the use of SAR to support Government of Canada operations as well as internationally Support to government users for application development Compact Polarization, Multi-pass/Frequent Revisit and 4-day CCD provide opportunities for new information and applications Opportunities for synergy and collaboration with Sentinel-1 are being pursued seriously

28 Thank You !