PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0 Chapter 4 Project Management Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for redistribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 CONTROLLING AND DIRECTING THE PROJECT

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 The Hurricane Model Project Stage Time

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Margins of Error in Cost and Time Estimates Typical margins of Error for Well-done Estimates PhaseDeliverableCost (%)time (%) PlanningSystem Request40060 Project Plan10025 AnalysisSystem Proposal5015 DesignSystem Specification2510 Source: Boehm et al. (1995)

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Managing Scope Scope creep -- a major cause of development problems JAD and prototyping Formal change approval Charging for changes

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Project Management Chapter 4

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Key Definitions Project management is the process of planning and controlling the development of a system within a specified timeframe at a minimum cost with the right functionality. A project manager has the primary responsibility for managing the hundreds of tasks and roles that need to be carefully coordinated.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Increasing Complexity with Larger Teams

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Conflict Avoidance Strategies Clearly define roles and project plans Hold individuals accountable Project charter listing norms and groundrules Develop schedule commitments ahead of time Forecast other priorities and their possible impact on the project

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Executive Summary

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Executive Summary An Executive Summary should include all the essential information concerning the results of the Planning Phase so that a busy executive can read it quickly and decide what parts of the plan to read in more depth. Based on executive summary the steering committee should be able to understand the current business processes the suggested improvement of business processes how do the improved business processes create value (e.g., saved time, saved money, increased revenue…) t his information should be in exact business terms (e.g., number of hours saved, amount of money saved, amount of estimated revenue increase.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 CREATING THE WORK PLAN

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Work Plan Work Plan is created in the Planning Phase for all the phases of the project (Planning, Analysis, Design and Implementation) Project manager is responsible for the overall work plan Every team member is responsible for creating a work plan for themselves and reporting the actual hours they put into the project. A work plan is a tool for holding each team member accountable for their contribution to the project.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 A Workplan Example Work Plan InformationExample Name of taskPerform economic feasibility Start date`Jan 05, 2001 Completion dateJan 19, 2001 Person assignedMary Smith, sponsor Deliverable(s)Cost-benefit analysis Completion statusOpen PriorityHigh Resources neededSpreadsheet Estimated time16 hours Actual time14.5 hours

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Identifying Tasks Top-down approach Identify highest level tasks Break them into increasingly smaller units Methodology Using standard list of tasks

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Top Down Task Identification Phases Phases with high level steps Work PlanDeliverablesEstimatedActual Assigned hourshoursTo *

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Estimating a Project Based on Industry Information Planning Analysis Design Implementation Industry Standard For Web15% 20% 35% 30% Applications Time Required in Person Months

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Time Estimation Using a More Complex Approach

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Getting the Right Numbers for Estimation Prior projects Past experience Industry standards Detailed analysis

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Function Point Estimation --Step One Complexity DescriptionLow MediumHighTotal Inputs__x 3 __x 4 __x 6____ Outputs__x 4 __x 5__x 7____ Queries__x 3 __x 4__x 6____ Files__x 7 __x 10__x 15____ Program__x 5 __x 7__x 10____ Interfaces TOTAL UNADJUSTED FUNCTION POINTS____

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Function Points Estimation --Step Two Scale of 1 to 5 Data Communications _____ Heavy Use Configuration _____ Transaction Rate _____ End-User efficiency _____ Complex Processing _____ Installation Ease _____ Multiple sites _____ Performance _____ Distributed functions _____ On-line data entry _____ On-line update _____ Reusability _____ Operational Ease _____ Extensibility _____ Project Complexity (PC) _____

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Function Point Estimation -- Step 3 Processing Complexity (PC):________ (From Step 2) Adjusted Processing Complexity (PCA) = (0.001 * ____ ) Total Adjusted Function Points:_____ * ____ = (TUFP -- From Step 1)

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Function Points Estimation --Step Four Adjusted Project Complexity = (0.01 * Project Complexity) Total Adjusted Function Points = Adjusted Project Complexity * TUFP

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Converting Function Points to Lines of Code Source: Capers Jones, Software Productivity Research LanguageLOC/Function Code Point C COBOL JAVA C++ Turbo Pascal Visual Basic PowerBuilder HTML Packages (e.g., Access, Excel)

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 COCOMO Estimation Calculation Effort =1.4 * thousands-of- (in Person-lines-of-code Months) Example: If LOC = 2000 Then... Effort =(1.4 * 2000)= 28 Person Months

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Estimating Schedule Time Rule of thumb for estimation Schedule Time (months) = 3.0 * person-months 1/3

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Tracking Tasks Using Gantt Chart Action Week

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Timeboxing Fixed deadline Reduced functionality, if necessary Fewer “finishing touches”

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Timeboxing Steps Set delivery date Deadline should not be impossible Should be set by development group Prioritize features by importance Build the system core Postpone unfinished functionality Deliver the system with core functionality Repeat steps 3-5 to add refinements and enhancements

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 STAFFING PLAN

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 Key Definitions The staffing plan describes the kinds of people working on the project The project charter describes the project’s objectives and rules A functional lead manages a group of analysts A technical lead oversees progress of programmers and technical staff members

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 33 Staffing Plan The Staffing Plan should include an organizational chart, names and roles of each team member (i.e., project manager, infrastructure analyst, systems analyst, programmers). Think of the section as a “mini- resume” of your team members applicable talent and expertise.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 34 STANDARDS

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 35 Standards Documentation Coding Procedural SpecificationRequirement Standards User Interface Standards

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 36 RISK ASSESSMENT

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 37 Managing Risk Identify the main risks that may stop your project from being a success? The main question to ask is how could could this project fail. What is that likelihood of each risk What is the potential impact on the project if the risk scenario becomes true? How will your team address these risks?

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 38 RECOMMENDATIONS

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 39 Recommendations At the end of the Planning Phase, you should give recommendations to the steering committee. The question to ask is what should the team do for the project next. For example, What are some of the alternative ways in which the business processes could be improved What are some alternatives for the supporting computer based systems What are some actions that should be taken now and why.

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 40 Classic Mistakes Overly optimistic schedule Failing to monitor schedule Failing to update schedule Adding people to a late project