Waves and Oscillation waves transport energy along a medium without transporting matter.

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Presentation transcript:

Waves and Oscillation waves transport energy along a medium without transporting matter

Types of Waves Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves

Anatomy of a wave Wave crest: the highest point a wave reaches. The lowest point is called its trough. Wave height: the vertical distance in meters from a wave’s crest to its trough. Wavelength: the horizontal distance between two successive crests, often measured in meters.

Amplitude: a measurement of the energy of a wave. the displacement of the medium from zero or the height of a wave crest or trough from a zero point. In the BOSS activity it’s how far to the side the washers move.

Period: the time between two successive wave crests.

Oscillation: the repeating motion of a wave or a material— one back and forth movement. Earthquakes cause seismic waves that produce oscillations in materials with many different frequencies. Every object has a natural rate of vibration that scientists call its natural frequency. The natural frequency of a building depends on its physical characteristics, including the design and the building materials.

Frequency: the rate at which a motion repeats, or oscillates. number of oscillations in an earthquake wave that occur each second. unit for frequency is the Hertz 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second. In earthquake engineering, frequency is the rate at which the top of a building sways.

Resonance: an increase in the amplitude In this case, the distance the top of a building moves from its rest position that occurs when the frequency of the applied oscillatory force (such as earthquake shaking) is close to the natural frequency of the system.

Buildings always oscillate in an earthquake Mexico City ground shaking resonated with the natural frequencies of 8-to-10- story buildings. severe damage to medium-height buildings that had the same frequency as the ground shaking and resonated with it. Higher and lower buildings were hardly damaged.

Seismic sea wave: a tsunami generated by an undersea earthquake. Tsunami: a potential destructive ocean wave created by an earthquake or other large-scale disturbance of the ocean floor.