GOD, GOLD and GLORY Adventures and Discoveries America 1500 BMR 15

Treaty of Tordisillas Up until 1493 the two major powers that were exploring the world were Spain and Portugal. In order to protect their new lands from being claimed by each other they asked the pope for help.. In 1493, the Pope drew a line on the globe cutting the New World basically in half. This line drawn was called the Line of Demarcation. Any lands discovered on the east side of the line was to be ruled by Portugal, while any lands discovered on the west side of the line were to be controlled by Spain. In 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to a treaty moving the line further west. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between these two powers. The discoveries of Spain and Portugal ignited the “Age of Exploration” begun by European nations. BMR 15

GOD (Spread of Christianity) Christians were urged to spread their religion and convert people to Christianity (not Islam) after the Crusades. Bartolomeu Dias was quoted as saying: “ To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”: BMR 15

Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man (the Italians). GOLD! (RICHES) New spices in Europe (introduced during the Crusades) = demand for the spices. Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man (the Italians). Europeans try to find new trade routes because they want new sources of wealth. News of gold in the Western Hemisphere reaches Europe. Italians sell it to Europe for MORE $$$ Europe buys it for a higher price Muslims sold Spices to Italians for lots of $ BMR 15

GLORY ! BEING “The FIRST!” First to: Find an spice! Find an area! Create a trading port! Control a COUNTRY! BMR 15

ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY HELPED The Caravel made travel easier: 65 feet long = more space for people and food supplies Able to explore close to shore Larger sails for easier movement and power BMR 15

New Maritime Technologies More Advanced Maps Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Calculated latitude Sextant Determines latitude and longitude Mariner’s Compass Determines north, south, east and west BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS ENGLISH EXPLORERS JOHN CABOT SIR WALTER RALEIGH SIR FRANCIS DRAKE SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS SPANISH EXPLORERS BALBOA COLUMBUS DE SOTO DE LEON MAGELLAN CORTES SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS DUTCH EXPLORER HENRY HUDSON SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS PORTUGUESE EXPLORERS PRINCE HENRY VASGO DA GAMA SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS WORLD EXPLORERS FRENCH EXPLORERS VERRAZANO DE CHAMPLAIN CARTIER SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1450 – 1459 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: England DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1497 – 1498 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Like other explorers, Cabot was trying to find the “Northwest Passage” through the continent of North America. WHAT DID HE FIND? Cabot crossed the Atlantic Ocean and explored parts of eastern Canada (Newfoundland and Nova Scotia). WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? His explorations in North America led to England’s first claims in the Western Hemisphere, more specifically Canada. John Cabot Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1552 - 1618 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: England DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1584 – 1589 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: In 1587 he explored from North Carolina to present-day Florida, naming the region Virginia in honor of Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen." WHAT DID HE FIND? Between 1584 and 1589 he established the first English colony near Roanoke Island. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island (now North Carolina). The colony failed and another attempt at colonization also failed in 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1545 - 1596 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: England DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1577 – 1580 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Queen Elizabeth I of England commanded to sail around the world and to attack any Spanish ships or coastal settlements that he encountered. WHAT DID HE FIND? Sir Drake did not have any major finds although he is given credit for being the first explorer to circumnavigate the earth. In addition, he managed to damage numerous Spanish vessels and settlements including taking possession of their jewels and gold in the name of the English crown. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? His actions against the Spanish proved to be a reason for the war between England and France in 1585. Sir Francis Drake Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1475 - 1519 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1513 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Balboa lead an expedition through 25 miles of jungle looking for a new sea and gold south of the Isthmus of Panama. WHAT DID HE FIND? Although he didn’t find gold he did discover the Pacific Ocean. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and helped to settle the first Spanish settlement in South America. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1451 - 1506 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1492 - 1493 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Columbus was hoping to find an all water route to Asia by sailing west. WHAT DID HE FIND? Columbus reached the island of Hispaniola on October 12, 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. He thought that he had discovered the route to Asia but actually had discovered North America. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? The discovery of North America by Columbus was the catalyst for future European exploration and colonization by France, Portugal, Spain and England. Christopher Columbus Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1500 - 1542 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1539 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: De Soto set out looking for treasure and gold in what we now know as Florida. WHAT DID HE FIND? While de Soto did not locate gold he did explore what we know as Florida, Georgia, Alabama Mississippi and Arkansas. He also located the southern part of the Mississippi River. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? De Soto was the first European to discover and explore the Mississippi River. Hernando de Soto Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1460 - 1521 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1513 - 1514 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: De Leon was hoping to find the “Fountain of Youth”. Legend had it that those who drank from this fountain would be young forever. WHAT DID HE FIND? Although de Leon never found his “Fountain of Youth” he did find what is now Florida. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? St. Augustine, Florida became the first Spanish settlement in the New World in 1565. The beginning of the Spanish colonization was due to de Leon’s discovery Ponce de Leon Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1485 - 1547 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1519 - 1522 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: As explorers before him, Magellan was hoping to find an all water rout to Asia by sailing west. WHAT DID HE FIND? Magellan and his crew were the first Europeans to sail through the Straits of Magellan and on to Asia. These are located at the southern tip of South America and connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Magellan is credited with naming the Pacific Ocean and discovery the Philippines; his crew was the first to circumnavigate the world. Ferdinand Magellan Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1485 - 1547 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Spain DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1521 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Cortes searched for gold and riches in eastern Mexico. WHAT DID HE FIND? During his exploration of eastern Mexico, Cortez discovered the Aztec and their capital city of Tenochtitlan WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Cortes conquers the Aztec killing their emperor Montezuma and stole all of their treasures. He also claimed Mexico for the Spanish crown. Hernando Cortes Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1565 - 1611 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Netherlands DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1609 and 1610 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Hudson searched for a northern route to Asia by heading north of Russia. WHAT DID HE FIND? During his exploration of New York Harbor, he traveled up a river now known as Hudson River and later explored areas around Greenland where the Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay are named after him. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Hudson’s explorations led to the Dutch starting the colony of New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River in 1625. Henry Hudson Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1394 - 1460 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Portugal DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1400s WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Prince Henry sponsored a school of navigation and sent expeditions south along the coast of Africa. These expeditions were sent to create maps of the West African coast, to defeat the Muslims, to spread Christianity, and to establish trade routes. WHAT DID HE FIND? Prince Henry sponsored the expedition that made it to the Gambia River. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Prince Henry’s expeditions eventually led to the rounding of the tipoff Africa and a new water route to Asia. Prince Henry the Navigator Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1460 - 1524 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: Portugal DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1497 - 1499 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: de Gama was searching for a sea route from Europe to the East Indies. WHAT DID HE FIND? He was the first European to reach India from Europe following a water route that rounded the Cape of Good Hope of Africa. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? Vasco de Gama is credited for opening up trade routes between Asia and Europe using an all water route. Vasco de Gama Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1485 - 1527 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: France DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1524 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Verrazano was trying to discover the “Northwest Passage” by sailing through North America. WHAT DID HE FIND? He never discovered the “Northwest Passage” but he did explore the northeast coast of North America from North Carolina to Maine. He eventually discovered New York Harbor and has a bridge there named for him. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? As the first European to explore the east coast of North America, Verrazano claimed most of it for France. Giovanni Verrazano Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1567 - 1635 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: France DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1603 - 1608 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: de Champlain was attempting to discover the “Northwest Passage” like other French explorers. WHAT DID HE FIND? He never discovered the “Northwest Passage” but he did explore the northeast coast of the United States and Canada. De Champlain sailed down the St. Lawrence River which led him to Quebec. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? In 1608, de Champlain began the first French colony in the New World at the settlement of Quebec. Samuel de Champlain Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS BORN/DIED: 1491 - 1557 COUNTRY EXPLORED FOR: France DATES OF EXPLORATION: 1534, 1535, 1541 WHAT WAS HE LOOKING FOR: Just as other French explorers were attempting to discover the “Northwest Passage” so was Cartier. WHAT DID HE FIND? Cartier reached North America and sailed down the St. Lawrence River reaching what is known as Montreal. Cartier named the surrounding area Canada. WHY WAS HE IMPORTANT? France’s claim to Canada began with Cartier’s explorations and this lead to de Champlain’s settlement at Quebec. Jacques Cartier Explorers Map SELECT A NATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ITS EXPLORERS ENGLAND SPAIN NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15

Sir Walter Raleigh ENGLAND SPAIN BMR 15

SPAIN NERTHERLANDS BMR 15

PORTUGAL FRANCE BMR 15