INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT: FROM THEORY TO PRAXIS B.P.F. Braga Director Agência Nacional de Águas Regional Workshop and Capacity Building Training Course for the Americas – Water, Environment and Society: An integrated approach Sao Carlos - Aug 8, 2007 IAP – IANAS

IWRM A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (GWP, 2000)

TRANSLATION Water resources planning and management should consider multiple water uses in a river basin Multiple objectives (economic, social and environmental – vital ecosystems) Coordination with other sectors and levels of government (national planning, regional planning) Involvement of stakeholders in an open decision-making process (equity issues)

Federative Republic 8.5 million Km million inhabitants 26 States 01 Federal District 5,564 Municipalities (*) 5 Geopolitical Regions - North - NE - SE - Midwest - South (*) IBGE, 2007 BRAZIL

FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Amended in 1988 “Art. 20. Goods of the Union: III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... “Art 21. Union shall :... XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for issuing water rights” XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for issuing water rights” FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Amended in 1988 “Art. 20. Goods of the Union: III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... “Art 21. Union shall :... XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for issuing water rights” XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for issuing water rights”

S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 JURISDICTION 1. Water in rivers R 4 and R 2 and reservoir D 2 are FEDERAL; 2. Water in rivers R 1 and R 3 are STATE; 3. If reservoir D 1 was built with financial resources of the Union, its waters are FEDERAL otherwise their waters are STATE PERMITS 1. Permits P 2 and P 6, are issued by STATE; 2. Permits P 3, P 4 and P 5, issued by UNION; R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 P4P4 P5P5 P6P6 D 1 D 2 3. Permit P 1 is issued by UNION if reservoir built with f.r. of the Union Water Jurisdiction

States rivers Union rivers Federal Constitution of 1988

North: water resources concentrated in the Amazon Basin Amazon Basin 68 % 45% 7% Northeast: poorest and driest 3% 18% 29% South-Southeast: urban and industrial pollution 13% 18% 58% Mid West: the new agricultural frontier 16% 16% 19% 6% Brazil US$ 112 billion needed to achieve MDG 23% Water Supply 77% Wastewater

ANA AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE ÁGUAS Water Yield km 3 ESCALA Brazil: 5,660 km 3 (12%) Brazil + Neighbor Countries: Neighbor Countries: 8,427 km 3 (18%) World: 44,000 km 3

DEMAND / SUPPLY

WATER USE

BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process POPULATION IN 2008: 187 Million URBAN AREAS: 151 Million RURAL AREAS: 36 Million SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000 POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million URBAN AREAS: 19 Million RURAL AREAS : 33 Million

Service Coverage DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY 90 % Urban Areas 18 % Rural Areas 78 % Brazil

Service Coverage SEWAGE COLLECTION 56 % Urban Areas 3 % Rural Areas 47 % Brazil

Service Coverage SEWAGE TREATMENT Approximately 20% of collected sewage is treated

Hydropower  75% of total electric energy generation  Installed capacity of 75,000 MW  50% of installed capacity in Southeast region  Annual demand Increase of 15% until year 2010

South Potential: 42,030 MW Developed: 47.8% Southeast/Mid-west Potential: 78,716 MW Developed: 41.0% North Potential: 111,396 MW Developed: 8.9% Northeast Potential : 26,268 MW Developed: 40.4% Brazil Hydropower potential 260 GW Utilized: 28.2% Hydro costs: 25 to 45 US$/MWh Legend Load Centers River Basins HYDROELECTRICITY POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPED

0,05 % 1,5 % 1,2 % HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL 10 % 41 % 22 % 10 % 1 % 0,1 % 6 % 1,2 % 5 % 2,1 % 1,2 %

Irrigation  Largest water user (69%)  Irrigation potential estimated at 29 million hectares  Total irrigated area of 3 million hectares - 5.8% of total cultivated area  94% of irrigated area developed by the private sector

Navigation 1,230 km Navigable reaches 12Terminals (mono, bi, tri-modal) 23Development poles 17Tourist poles 12Logistic Distribution Nodes US$ 2biInvested (50% private)