Cell Organelles Learning Intentions: 1. Recognize the cell as the basic unit of living things. 2. Describe the structure of a generalized plant and animal cell and describe the functions of the cellular components and organelles.

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The Cell Cells are the basic unit of living things Cells are the basic unit of living things - All living things are made of 1 or more cells Cells are tiny! Cells are tiny!

Two general types of cell Prokaryotic cell Before the Nucleus Simple circular DNA chain No membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic cell The true Nucleus Folded DNA Membrane bound organelles

Animal Cells Do not have a regular shape Some can alter their shape eg. Phagocytes or amoeba Contain some different organelles than plants

Organelles This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function You will need to know: You will need to know: Plasma MembraneRibosomes MicrovilliEndoplasmic Reticulum NucleusGolgi BodiesVacuole LysosomesMitochondriaCentrioles ChloroplastsCell wallCytoskeleton _structure/cell_structure.htm _structure/cell_structure.htm

Centrioles - Involved in cellular division - Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules Cytoskeleton - Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells

Golgi apparatus - Protein 'packaging plant' - A membrane structure found near nucleus - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac Endoplasmic reticulum - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

Lysosome - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates - Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Mitochondria - Second largest organelle - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae

Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Site of protein synthesis. Vacuoles - Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal - Contains water solution - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms)

Cell Membrane The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer ( this means 2 layers of lipids) with proteins embedded in it.outercell sanahalpine. com/anim/Lif e/memb.htm

Your task You are to make your own cell using lollies Draw a cell membrane on a piece of paper Ribosomes: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Nucleus: Pineapple lump Golgi Bodies: Vacuole: Lysosomes: baby apples Mitochondria:Centrioles Cell wall Cytoskeleton

Why are there different types of cells? Cells differ because they have different functions. Cells differ because they have different functions. Each type of cell contains different genetic materials. Each type of cell contains different genetic materials.

Sperm Cell Nerve cell

Epithelial cell Ciliated epithelium

Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell

Muscle Cell

Plant cells Hold a fixed shape Enclosed in a cellulose wall Have parts animal cells don’t

Cell Wall Composed of cellulose Protects Supports cell and maintains shape Limits cell volume preventing excessive water uptake

Large vacuole Filled with aqueous solution of ions ProminentStorage Waste disposal Growth

Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll Used for photosynthesis

Plant Cell Specialisation Draw a small sketch of the following examples on your handout. Cells have special features to enable them to carry out their function See handout

Root hair cell Palisade cell

Guard cell Pollen grain

Xylem and Phloem