Bellringer Write down the answers to the following questions on a paper titled “Bellringer 2/4/11”: 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? 2. What was the Industrial Revolution? 3. What was the Agricultural Revolution? 4. What were cottage industries? 5. What did the following people do? Watt: Whitney: Bessemer: Jenner: Pasteur: BJOTD: Why don’t elephants go skinny-dipping?

The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Notes Cotton gin increased demand for slaves 1833: Britain abolished slavery 1865: U.S. ended slave labor and the slave trade after the Union won the Civil War

Notes Factories were dirty, dangerous, and caused workers to get sick An average work day in a factory was hours long with short breaks Workers were often beaten Owners had control of the lives of their employees

Notes Children were cheaper employees—kept profits high Worked hours as long as the adults Children were weaker and got sick easily

Notes Women made 1/3 less than men and competed for the same jobs Joined unions to improve the factories they worked in and other social problems As they fought to end slavery, they also fought for suffrage (the right to vote)

Notes Schools during the Industrial Revolution were free and open to everyone Lessons taught by men and women who couldn’t find other work

Notes Unions=workers who join together in voluntary associations Collective bargaining=workers and management work together to determine pay Strikes

Labor Reforms: By the 1820s and 1830s, laws were made to help reform working conditions in Great Britain and the U.S. Factory Act of 1833: – 9-12 years old—less than 8 hours – years old—less than 12 hours 1842 Mines Act: women and children could not work underground 1847: Ten Hour Law 1919: Child Labor Law and Minimum Wage Laws

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution

1 st : Population Increase More food/goods leads to more people

2 nd : Increased standards of living—BUT NOT FOR EVERYONE More opportunities leads to more money and better houses for some…but not for all.

3 rd : Improved Transportation Trains, steamboats, better roads

4 th : Urbanization Definition: the movement of people from the country (rural areas) to the city (urban areas)

5 th : Environmental pollution Factories burned coal, causing pollution of the air and waterways

6 th : Increased education More people were working in jobs that required a basic education, so companies provided it.

7 th : Dissatisfaction of the Working Class with Working Conditions People were unhappy with the poor conditions—led to the formation of labor unions

8 th : Growth of the Middle Class With more jobs, people were able to earn enough money to live above the poverty line.

9 th : Increased demand for raw materials This led to a race for more colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

Wrap-Up Activity/Homework Create two images—front and back of paper – 1 image of pre-industrialization – 1 image of post-industrialization – Each image needs a paragraph description to accompany it (see below)

Pre-Industrialization Image must include (label all parts) – Cottage industries – Less People – Less Education – More Agriculture – Less Pollution – Slower, more expensive products – Agricultural Revolution Paragraph should focus on what it was like to live before the Industrial Revolution and why the IR was needed. (6-9 sentences)

Industrialization Image must include (label all parts) – Britain (waterways, natural resources) – Factories – Increase in population – More education – Cheaper, faster products – Bad working conditions – Better transportation – Medical advancements – New inventions – Urbanization Paragraph: Talk about what the Industrial Revolution was, how life changed because of it (both for the good and the bad), and why it was important.