LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 «RESAFE» « Innovative fertilizer from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers» 6 th MONTHS MEETING July, 10, 2014 Alicante (Spain)

B. TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION ACTION B1 - Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterisation of organic waste and final products B2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level B3 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at (pilot) semi- industrial scale B4 - Demonstration of Agriculture Application in Italy B5 - Demonstration of Agriculture Application in Spain B6 - Demonstration of Agriculture Application in Cyprus

ACTION B.1 - Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterisation of organic waste and final products Collection, in Italy, Spain and Cyprus, of: UOW sample Biochar sample FOR sample NationSampleTypeCode CyprusUrban Organic Waste (UOW)Green WasteCY-UOW CyprusFarm Organic Residue (FOR)Poultry ManureCY-FOR ItalyBiochar (BC) IT-BC ItalyUrban Organic Waste (UOW)CompostIT-UOW ItalyFarm Organic Residue (FOR)Poultry ManureIT-FOR SpainBiochar (BC) ES-BC SpainUrban Organic Waste (UOW)CompostES-UOW SpainFarm Organic Residue (FOR)Hourse ManureES-FOR

Cypriot sample CY-UOW SampleCY-FOR Sample ACTION B.1 - Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterisation of organic waste and final products

Spanish sample ES-BC SampleES-UOW Sample ES-FOR Sample ACTION B.1 - Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterisation of organic waste and final products

Italian sample IT-BC SampleIT-UOW Sample IT-FOR Sample ACTION B.1 - Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterisation of organic waste and final products

ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level Country MIX Recipe N. of container replica Collection time N. of subsample IT UF T0 a 2 ES UFV T20 b CY UFVB T40 c 8020 T60 The INSTRUCTION FOR LAB TESTS were made in collaboration with ENEA. Sample coding method, laboratory plant preparation method and collection method was defined before the test start.

A recipe constituted by 50% of UOW and 50 % of FOR was chosen for the start-up of laboratory plant in Italy. Three mixtures were prepared in three boxes each one: 1.MIX UF 2.MIX UFV 3.MIX UFVB ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level LABORATORY PLANT IN ITALY

ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level MIX UF preparation Volume of container: 75 L with also a cover Total yield used in the test: about 35 kg Mixture: about 17.5 kg (50%) FOR + about 17.5 kg (50%) UOW Preparation: a.3 containers of 75 L each-one with also a cover were prepared b.The ID number was written on each container, in particular: i.IT-UF for container 1 ii.IT-UF for container 2 iii.IT-UF for container 3 c.About 52.5 kg of FOR and 52.5 kg of UOW (right quantity for 3 containers) were collected, prepared and mixed in plastic sheet d.3 sample of 35 kg each one and put it in 3 different container as identified in point b)

ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level MIX UFV preparation Volume of container: 75 L with also a cover Total yield used in the test: about 37 kg Mixture: about 17 kg (50%) FOR + about 17 kg (50%) UOW + 3 kg VAP Preparation: a.3 containers of 75 litres each-one with also a cover were prepared b.The ID number was written on each container, in particular: i.IT-UFV for container 1 ii.IT-UFV for container 2 iii.IT-UFV for container 3 c.About 52.5 kg of FOR and 52.5 kg of UOW (right quantity for 3 containers) were collected, prepared and mixed in plastic sheet d.3 sample of 35 kg each one were selected and a layer of about 20 cm were put on the bottom of the 3 different container, as identified in point b), e.All VAP dose (3kg),was added to the 20 cm layer, f.All the remaining mix yield was put in the container covered with cap

ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level MIX UFVB preparation Volume of container: 75 L with also a cover Total yield used in the test: about 37 kg Mixture: about kg (45%) FOR + about kg (45%) UOW kg (10%) BC + 4 kg VAP Preparation: a.3 containers of 75 L each-one with also a cover were prepared b.The ID number was written on each container, in particularly: i.IT-UFVB for container 1 ii.IT-UFVB for container 2 iii.IT-UFVB for container 3 c.About kg of FOR, kg of UOW and 9.9 kg of BC (right quantity for 3 containers) were collected, prepared and mixed in plastic sheet d.3 sample of 33 kg each one were selected and a layer of about 20 cm were put on the bottom of the 3 different container, as identified in point b), e.All VAP dose (4 kg),was added to the 20 cm layer, f.All the remaining mix yield was put in the container covered with cap

ACTION B.2 - Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level

C. TECHNICAL MONITORING ACTION C1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products C2 - Monitoring and assessment of environmental impact of the HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production C3 - Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Italy C4 - Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Spain C5 - Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Cyprus C6 - Monitoring of technical-socio-economic assessment of the HQ-ORBP production

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products A sampling methodology for different curing times was defined before the start of the lab tests. MIX UFMIX UFVMIX UFB Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 t=0 (*) t=20 t=40 t=60 (*) Collect the sample during the preparation of the mix

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Samples were collected at T=0 ( ) and T=20 ( ). The following samples were sent to different partners. COLLECTION TIME SAMPLE COLLECTED ItalySpain t=0 IT-UF T0-aES-UF T0-c IT-UF T0-bES-UFVB T0-c IT-UF T0-c IT-UFV T0-a IT-UFV T0-b IT-UFV T0-c IT-UFVB T0-a IT-UFVB T0-b IT-UFVB T0-c

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products COLLECTION TIMESAMPLE COLLECTED ItalySpain t=20 IT-UF T20-aES-UF T20-b IT-UF T20-bES-UFV T20-b IT-UF T20-cES-UFVB T20-b IT-UFV T20-a IT-UFV T20-b IT-UFV T20-c IT-UFVB T20-a IT-UFVB T20-b IT-UFVB T20-c

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products The analyses that each beneficiary must carry out on samples collected in action B.1, action B.2 e action B.3 are reported in the following table. Type of Analysis Project Beneficiaries DICMAENEAASTRACEBASENIA Total Nitrogen X Total Phosphorus X Total Potassium X TOC X Salinity (EC) X Microbial population X Elemental analysis (XRF)X Texture and structure characterization (SEM) X Specific surface area (BET) X Thermogravimetric analysis X XRD X Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) X Germination tests (plant tests) X Microbial respiration X Urease activity (N Cycle) X Phosphatase Activity (P cycle) X b-Glucosidase actiovity (C cycle) X

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Hyperspectral imaging is an innovative technology developed in recent years that combines the advantages of spectroscopy and imaging techniques. In the last years there was a strong increase in applications including off-line / on-line inspection at industrial scale in different sectors. Image source: park.com

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products All individual spatial and spectral images could be picked up from the hypercube and the spectrum of each pixel of the image in a specific position can be extracted One spectral image of n pixels for all the investigated wavelengths (λ) Spectral signature of a single pixel

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Quality Indicators

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Hyperspectral Characterization – Acquisition instrument Hyperspectral architecture Specim ImSpector TM N17E Operation mode: push-broom Spectral range: NIR: nm Spectral sampling and (resolution) 5nm Active pixel: 320 (spatial) x 240 (spectral) pixels Hyperspectral architecture Specim ImSpector TM V10 Operation mode: push-broom Spectral range: VIR: nm Spectral sampling and (resolution) 5 nm Active pixel: 320 (spatial) x 240 (spectral) pixels

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products SISUChema XL™ Chemical Imaging Workstation Operation mode: push-broom Spectral range: SWIR: nm Spectral sampling and (resolution) 6.3nm Active pixel: 320 (spatial) x 240 (spectral) pixels Hyperspectral Characterization – Acquisition instrument

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products SLIDE ANALISI PROCEDURE Spectral data have been analysed using the PLS_Toolbox 7. 0 (Eigenvector Research Inc.) running inside Matlab™ environment (version ). Spectra preprocessing PCA applied for data exploration Classes selection on PCA results PLS-DA applied for material classification

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Hyperspectral images of different samples were acquired in three different wavelength fields: 400 – 1000 nm (Imspector V10E); 1000 – 1700 nm (Imspector N17); 1000 – 2500 nm (SISUChema). 1.All the source samples of ACTION B.1 were acquired and the spectra were elaborated. 2.Samples of ACTION B.2 at t=0 and t=20, coming from Italian and Spanish laboratory plants, were collected, acquired with the three hyperspectral systems and sent to the beneficiaries (DICMA, ENEA, CEBAS).

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products MONITORING ACTION ON SAMPLE COLLECTED DURING ACTION B.1 Hyperspectral images of 96 organic waste samples were acquired The analysis of the mean spectra of the samples and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of hypespectral images were carried out. MONITORING ACTION ON SAMPLE COLLECTED DURING ACTION B.2 Hyperspectral images of 82 samples (collected at t=0 and t=20 from Italian and Spanish laboratory plant) were acquired.

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products 1 cm IT-FOR: V10E False Colour Image showing the ROI (Region of Interest) selected Hyperspectral Imaging Characterization – Hyperspectral response of organic waste in 400 – 1000 nm wavelength range

1 cm IT-FOR: N17E False Colour Image showing the ROI (Region of Interest) selected Hyperspectral Imaging Characterization – Hyperspectral response of organic waste in 1000 – 1650 nm wavelength range ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products

IT-FOR: SISUChema XL False Colour Image showing the ROI (Region of Interest) selected 1 cm Hyperspectral Imaging Characterization – Hyperspectral response of organic waste in 1000 – 2500 nm wavelength range ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products

The homogeneity of organic waste samples was investigated analysing: -Mean spectra of the sample -PCA Analysis Comparison of sub-sample spectra of CY-UOW acquired with ImSpector™ N17E PCA Analysis carried out on CY-UOW acquired with ImSpector™ N17E

ACTION C.1 - Monitoring of organic waste and final products Pretreated Hyperspectal images of a) IT-BC; b) IT-FOR and c) IT-UOW a) b) c) a) b) c) a) b) c) Raw Hyperspectal images of a) IT-BC; b) IT-FOR and c) IT-UOW Applied pretreatment: -SNV -Mean Center b) a) c)

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Samples at t=40 and t=60 will be collected Sample at –t=40 and t=60 collected from Italian Lab Plant will be acquired –t=40 and t=60 collected from Spanish Lab Plant will be acquired –t=0, t=20, t=40 and t=60 collected from Cyprus Lab Plant will be acquired Elaboration of hyperspectral images will be carried out by: –PCA models –PLS models (correlation of spectra with sampling time and chemical parameters)

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