Academic Writing Uses standard academic English Uses conventional patterns of organization Shows logical relationships between ideas States claims explicitly Puts ideas in context of existing knowledge/claims Follows conventions for citing sources

Academic Writing Uses standard academic English Uses conventional patterns of organization Shows logical relationships between ideas States claims explicitly Puts ideas in context of existing knowledge/claims Follows conventions for citing sources

Academic Writing Uses standard academic English Uses conventional patterns of organization Cause/Effect – Describe event, then show effect OR describe event, then show cause. Classification – Break something into parts and describe or define each part. Comparison/Contrast – Show what something is similar to and different from. Definition – Show what something is and isn’t. Example – Illustrate some using lots of examples of it. Narration – Tell a story to make a point. Process Analysis – Explain how something works.

Claims & Evidence: Showing Connections Raising taxes doesn’t hurt the economy. Clinton raised taxes, yet the economy grew. If economic growth followed a tax hike, then a tax hike can be good for the economy. Further, the Bush tax cuts were followed by a slump. Hence, raising taxes can help the economy and cutting taxes can hurt the economy. What year(s)? How much? Could other factors account for the growth? Could other factors account for the slump? “Can” doesn’t necessarily mean “will.” How much? Explain connection between pieces of evidence

Claims & Evidence: Showing Connections Eating in the mess hall is not healthy. The USDA recommends X calories per day for teens. The mess provides only Y calories per day. The mess hall fails to provide enough calories per day to maintain good health. Hence, eating in the mess hall results in getting too few calories per day, so eating there is unhealthy. Claim Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Connect evidence to claim Show connection another way, just to be sure

Activities that happen before you put something on page or screen Act of putting something on page or screen Activities that happen after you put something on page or screen PREWRITEDRAFT REWRITE & PUBLISH observing, collecting, listening, thinking, reading, talking, researching, doodling, drawing, freewriting, etc. writing, typing, texting, drawing, speaking, etc adding, deleting, reading, listening, moving, fixing, tweaking, changing, conforming, organizing, polishing, letting go

Subject Text Writer CONTEXT Reader

Next paper: Analysis Preview Ch. 9 if you like; We’ll discuss it next week. For now, look closely at Ch. 29 (writing good sentences).