1 week to write a cheatsheet must be checked in w/ Tosspon Turn in: Nothing! Keep your drafts (2 copies) Get out your Grammar Study Guide booklets

On the Final  20 questions – (choose 20 of 50)  1-2 Paragraph Edit assignments  Edit for spelling, grammar, word choice, fragments, and run-ons Writing  1-2 Pre-Write about  1-2 Paragraphs  Your prewrite will be assigned (no choice) about your specific paragraph) Editing – 1 paper to correct

Vocabulary (Commonly confused words)  What are the MOST COMMON words on the list?  There, Their, They’re  Too, two, To

Parts of Speech –

Nouns Video: mmar+Rocks%21#Noun  Nouns are  People  Places  Things  Ideas They CAN be the subject of the sentence, but a sentence can have more nouns than just the subject

Finding Nouns – ways to categorize Concrete Name things we can see or touch Face People Jewelry Watch Abstract Things we cannot see or touch Loneliness Patriotism Beauty Time  Common  Name general things (not capitalized)  aunt  country  watch  Proper  Name particular persons, places, or things (caps)  Aunt Meriam  Nigeria  Timex

Pronouns Link:

 Describe nouns  ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adjectives ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adjectives Adjectives

 Describe Verbs or adjectives  ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adverbs ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adverbs Adverbs

 Prepositions! Pg 41  Show relationships  es.com/Grammar+Rocks %21#Prepositions es.com/Grammar+Rocks %21#Prepositions Prepositions!

 For  And  Nor  But  Or  Yet  So  Because, therefore, however, since (pg 123) +Rocks%21#Conjunctions Conjunction Join phrases clauses

 ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Interjections ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Interjections Interjections

 Verbs: Action or STATE OF BEING  ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Verb ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Verb Verbs

 Verbs tell time  Test the sentence by adding Today, Yesterday, or tomorrow.  Today she dances.  Yesterday she danced.  Tomorrow she will dance. How to Find the Verb pg 47

 Tells what the subject is doing and when the action occurs.  Examples:  Arrive, leave, learn, write, open,teach (pg 48)  The woman studied ballet. Action Verbs

 Links the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject.  Examples:  (see pg 49)  Act, appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seems, smells, sounds, tastes, turns  Be (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been)  She seems distracted Linking Verbs

 Combines with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It always comes before the main verb and expresses a special meaning or a particular time.  Examples:  (see pg 51)  Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will  Being, been, am, is, was, are, were  Has, have, had  Does, do, did  He is sleeping  He might sleep  He should sleep.  He could have been sleeping. Helping Verbs

Identify the part of speech 1. attended – V. 2. into - Prep 3. quickly - Adv 4. Fast - Adj 5. after – Prep. 6. and - Conj 7. She - Pro 8. is - V 9. they – Pro. 10. diagram - N 11. soon – Adv 12. awesome – Adj 13. group- N. 14. Check – V. 15. Themselves- Pro. 16. yourself Pro 17. slowly – Adv 18. from – Prep. 19. Hurray! - Int 20. woods – N.

The person/thing doing the action

Steps to finding the subject 1. Identify and cross out prepositional phrases 2. Identify and cross out appositive phrases 3. Cross out here, there, & where. 4. Look for the main action 5. Ask “who is doing that action” 6. Self check – can your subject really do that action?  Sentence: Jump on the bed.  A bed cannot jump, but YOU can jump on a bed!

Commands and Requests  In 'commands' and 'requests' the subject is usually not stated. The predicate is the entire sentence. The pronoun 'you' is understood to be the subject. Examples are: Listen! Please see me. Be careful. [You]

Questions  Questions frequently begin with a verb or a helping verb or the words 'who, whom, what, when, where, why,or how.' examples are:  Did he reply?  Have you read Nikki Giovanni's poetry?  What do they sing?  In these cases, the subject generally follows the verb or helping verb. Verb Did… reply Verb: Have.. read Verb: do… sing

Inverted Sentence Order  A sentence written in 'inverted order', in which the predicate comes before the subject, serves to add emphasis to the subject.  Examples are: Under the moonlight sat the old cypress tree. Above the forest circled three hawks. Verb

Appositive Phrases  Appositive phrases are a group of words that give us extra information about a noun or pronoun in that sentence.  Appositive phrases are set off by commas  The subject is NEVER found within the appositive phrase.  Martin Johnson, the retired salesperson, sat at his desk. ______________________________ appositive phrase

Here and There  The word 'there' or 'here is' is never the subject.  When the word 'there' or 'here' begins a sentence and is followed by a form of the verb 'to be', the subject follows the verb. are  Example: Here 'are' (P) the 'quilts' (S)from my grandma. are  Rephrase it! The quilts are from my grandmother.

Prepositional Phrases  Remember, a word in a prepositional phrase is never the subject.  Prepositions are words that tell where or what kind. Word list on pg 41: AboutBehindOfOntoToward AboveBelowForOutUnder AcrossBeneathFromOutsideUnderneath AfterBesideInOverUnlike Is “to” a preposition? Only if it is NOT in front of a verb. “To” in front of a verb is an infinitive.

Identify Subject(s) / Verb(s) 1. They attended the concert last weekend. 2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage. 3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly. 4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet. 5. My friends and I walked home after school. Subj V. Subj V. S Subj V

Subj/Verb continued 6. I wanted 7. She was counting 8. That is 9. They will, finish 10. diagram was complicated 11. He will practice 12. Reggie saw 13. Sister is 14. YOU check

Subj/Verb contiued 15. students 16. you 17. they 18. you 19. team 20. troop  will be able  are sure  carried  can see  has scored  had been scattered

Verb Tenses Verb Tense Overview Active Tenses Tense Type Past TensesPresent TensesFuture Tenses Simple Tenses Simple Past past form of main verb I collected data (last year). Simple Present main verb agrees with subject I collect data regularly. He collects data for professors. Simple Future WILL + simple form. I will collect data (for another week). Progres sive Tenses Past Progressive WAS/WERE + present participle I was collecting data (when I heard the news). They were collecting data then. Present Progressive AM/IS/ARE + present participle I am collecting data for my study. They are collecting data this year. Future Progressive WILL BE + present participle I will be collecting data (when you get here). Perfect Tenses Past Perfect HAD + past participle I had collected data (before we met). Present Perfect HAVE/HAS + present participle I have collected data (for a month). Future Perfect WILL HAVE + past participle I will have collected data three times (by next fall). Perfect Progres sive Tenses Past Perfect Progressive HAD BEEN + present participle I had been collecting data (for a month when I had the idea for a new study). Present Perfect Progressive HAVE/HAS + BEEN + present participle I have been collecting data (since I started at Heald). Future Perfect Progressive WILL HAVE BEEN + present participle I will have been collecting data (for two months when you get here).

Highlight Verbs – correct tenses 1. Chad and I realized that we needs a change of pace. 2. After four years of the usual summer job drudgery, it was time for a summer job with pizzazz. 3. It is Chad’s brilliant idea that we should be camp counselors at Camp Gowitha in the upper peninsula of Michigan. 4. The first morning at camp we awake to the sound of a bugle. 5. I assumed I had just fallen asleep. Verb V V needed Verb was Verb awoke Verb

Highlight Verbs – correct tenses 6. Five A.M., apparently, is considered an appropriate rise and shine hour at Camp Gowitha. 7. I am cold too. 8. Had I known it is going to be so cold in the north woods, I would have brought more blankets. 9. After arousing the sleepy campers, we all will march to the dining hall for a hearty breakfast. 10. Canoeing and swimming lessons will follow breakfast. V V Verb was Verb was Verb was goin Verb marched Verb followed

Run Ons & Fragments  Every sentence must have:  Subject  Verb  Complete Thought  Therefore a fragment is a sentence that is missing something.  A Run-On Sentence is:  2 or more independent clauses combined incorrectly.  There are 3 types of run-ons:  And run on  Comma splice run on  Fused run on

 The 5 ways of combining sentences are (examples): , conjunction (pg 101)  He liked cats, and she did too.  ; adverbial conjunction, (pg 107)  He liked cats; however, she did not.  ; (pg 111)  He liked cats; she did too.  Subordinating conjunctions (pg 123)  When he liked cats, she did too.  He liked cats while she did not.  Relative pronouns (pg 128)  She and he, who both liked cats, agreed.

Sentence, Fragment, Run on! 1. Although Mary has been my best friend. 2. No one I know watches that television show, I can't believe it. 3. Her husband loves to cook, however, he does not like to clean the kitchen afterwards. 4. Tim started his new job last Wednesday, and he really likes the boss. F R R S ; ;

5. I have a hard time understanding her lectures, when I talk to her one-on-one, I understand her fine. 6. Mary signed up because she thought the training would be interesting and help her on the job. 7. Meet me after class, I want to talk with you about the upcoming test. 8. The one who looks like a military officer but acts like a spoiled brat. R S R F. When ; One of them

9. Although she has studied very hard, she is still worried about the midterm exam. 10. One of the best ways to improve your writing. Is to read and analyze what you read. S F/FF/F is

Capitalization & Punctuation 1. is lake ontario connected to lake michigan 2. is mrs tosspon going to dance in english class Today 3. My Sister really likes Basketball 4. martin luther king jr was an inspirational man and i enjoyed learning about him. 5. I think you all are so lucky to speak several different Languages i only speak English and a little spanish. 1. Is Lake Ontario connected to Lake Michigan? 2. Is Mrs. Tosspon going to dance in English class today ? 3. My sister really likes basketball. 4. Martin Luther King, Jr., was an inspirational man, and I enjoyed learning about him. 5.I think you are all so lucky to speak several different languages. I only speak English and a little Spanish.

6. Lansing michigan is the best Capital 7. To get to the meridian mall, head East on grand river avenue for about three miles. 8. my favorite ice cream flavor is Chocolate, but adam prefers Vanilla. 9. Her Brother Eric lives in Chicago Illinois 10. I would love to travel all over the World and see many Countries, such as spain, egypt, and india. 6. Lansing, Michgan is the best capital. 7. To get to the Meridian Mall, head east on Grand River Avenue for about three miles. 8. My favorite ice cream flavor is chocolate, but Adam prefers vanilla. 9. Her brother, Eric, lives in Chicago, Illinois. 10. I would love to travel all over the world and see many countries such as Spain, Egypt, and India.

Writing Know the types and how to do them. You will have 2 paragraphs to write (review: topic & controlling idea: Chpt 16)  Illustration (Chpt 18) – giving examples (listing)  Description (Chpt 20) – using the 5 senses  Narration (Chpt 19) – telling a story

Pre-writing techniques  Brainstorm  Cluster  Outline  Freewrite

Editing Checklist 1. Read the paper through once w/out making marks. 2. Reread the paper, stopping after each sentence to notice: a) Is it a fragment or run on? b) Are all of the words used correctly? c) Is the punctuation correct? d) Are the verbs correct and proper? e) Do the subjects match the verbs? f) Is the capitalization correct? 3. If you see any problems, correct them!

Peer Review 1. Follow the directions!!!  Read aloud to the paper owner  Allow owner time to make corrections on their copy  Separate yourselves & complete #’s 2-15  If you don’t have the info, write N/A, sometimes that is just as telling  Mark up YOUR copy of the paper (will need pen/highlighter)  The Author should leave here today w/ 2 copies of their paper + the peer review OF THEIR OWN PAPER- the whole packet due next class meeting  The author will complete #16-23