Pushing for Freedom and Fighting for Independence The War and Beyond Pushing for Freedom and Fighting for Independence

UEQ and LEQ UEQ: How were American political rights and institutions derived from philosophies of the past? LEQ: How were historical documents, philosophers, writers, and ancient societies used in the development of our system of government?

Vocabulary Compact Ratification Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Shay’s Rebellion

Warm Up Look at the two Political Cartoons from the Revolutionary War, answer the questions by studying both pictures. What states are being represented? Why only 8 states are represented and not the full 13? What does the phrase “Join or Die” mean to you? What people do you think this cartoon is being used against? Why? What snake is shown? Why would this snake have been chosen over other snakes? What message is being stated by the four word statement? What message is being stated by using this type of snake?

What were the 13 Original Colonies?

Cluster Word Web Using the cluster word web that I have given you and page 95, write down three view points of England on one side and three view points of American Colonists on the other side.

Clashing Sides England versus the 13 American Colonies England’s Views English Gov’t represented everyone. Limit Colonists Power Stopped Colonies from trading with other countries. (England Only) Little Understanding of Colonial Problems. Thought it could control people thousands of miles away. America’s Views Colonies Gov’t only represented them. Wanted power to vote for members of English Gov’t. Want trade with other countries. (Beside England) Full Understanding of Problems with England. Felt being controlled by a King hundreds of miles away was foolish.

Final Nail in the Coffin Despite clashing views and beliefs, England and the American Colonists still fought together during the French and Indian War in 1763. At wars end England was nearly bankrupt, so England taxed the colonies more heavily without permission. Colonists protested about the taxes, the words “No Taxation Without Representation” were used by colonists in every colony. Why would the colonists pick this saying? What did it mean? What kind of affect do you think it had on the situation?

No Taxation Without Representation Study the Cartoon on Page 96 and answer the questions.

Results of Taxation

Aftermath of Massacre John Adam's and the Boston Massacre

Results of Taxation and Boston Massacre

Moving Toward Freedom England did not change its ways despite rioting, protesting, and rebellion so colonists decided to make changes. The First Continental Congress (or meeting of colony representatives) was held in 1774. 12 delegates (representatives) met in Philadelphia at Independence Hall. Delegates decided to pressure England to change, by stopping all trade with England. By stopping trade with England, why would this impact England and force them to change? How might England have gotten back at America for this move?

First Congress at Independence Hall

Second Continental Congress Congress met again in Philadelphia because things with England had gotten worse since the previous year. From this meeting: Independence is talked about. Two Groups: Federalists and Anti-Federalists form Federalists wanted Independence, Anti- Federalists feared Independence and feared war with England. John Adams and the Continental Congress

Common Sense (Duh!!!) Question: If you were a colonist, or if you were a politician at the meeting, which side would you have agreed with? Thomas Paine, a well known writer wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense. In his writing, Paine basically said, “why should America run to England, when England is thousands of miles away. America should take care of itself and England should take care of itself.” Reading this, gave many Americans “Common Sense” and by 1776 support to separate from England had increased.

Is it a Super Power??? Something that everyone should have and use, but not many people actually listen to. Did colonists have common sense or were they so afraid of what might happen that they could not see the problems that were right in front of their faces? Class Discussion…

Independence (Finally!!!) Should July 4th still be considered to be one of the most important days to remember in American History? Why/Why Not? Support for Independence finally increased to a point where members of Congress voted for Independence. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams were appointed to a committee (special group) that would write a declaration of independence.

The Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” “To Secure these rights, Governments are instituted (established/created) among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” “Whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government.” Writing Assignment: Read the quotes. Rewrite the quotes into your own words. As you write explain what each of the quotes mean, what they refer to, and why they refer to something specific. Pay attention to capitalization of words!

The Declaration Continued… The Declaration of Independence was written and completed by Thomas Jefferson. Throughout the entire document Jefferson hinted at England’s problems with America and the rights that the colonists had. The Declaration is concluded with all the signers pledging their, “Lives, Fortunes, and sacred Honor.” The Declaration is completed July 2nd, 1776 but is read to the citizens of Philadelphia on July 4th.

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

End of the War Despite the war going bad for Americans, with help from France, the 13 colonies win the war. The Revolutionary War ends in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

State Constitutions and the Articles of Confederation Complete the two columned graphic organizer with a definition of each and four facts about each from page 99.

The New Government Once independent, each state had to make its own new government. Citizens in each colony wanted to follow compacts- agreements to obey all laws to benefit everyone. State Constitutions Plan of government, that limited state government power. Some listed citizens rights (trial by jury) Government was split into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. (Legislative most powerful, represented the people) Governors had limited years in power.

Articles of Confederation 13 colonies+ 13 separate governments = One Big Mess!!! The main concern of the delegates was how to form ONE national government to represent everyone. This problem led Congress to make the Articles of Confederation. This created a weak government. Declare war, make treaties, no president, no taxing, no law enforcement, states still too powerful. Large States (Virginia) wanted number of representatives in government to be based on state population. Small States (Rhode Island) wanted number of representatives to be equal for every state.

Articles Continued… Even though the articles were created they needed to be ratified- approved by all 13 colonies together. Many people did not trust the new government because they felt it was still too strong. 1781 the Articles were finally approved. Even after winning the war however, the New United States had to fight a war at home. Poverty, Starvation, Taxes, Weak Government, Citizen Unrest.

Shays’ Rebellion Read over the story of Shays’ Rebellion. What caused the rebellion? What did the farmers want? How did the rebellion show Americans’ that the Articles of Confederation were failing?

Homework Question After learning about what the founding fathers used to set up our new government and after learning briefly about the American Revolutionary War, read the question below… “Was the Revolutionary War Really Revolutionary?” Answer the question in a full detailed paragraph. Use examples from the notes to support your position when answering the question. Also try and find information from the Internet to support your answer. If you find information from the Internet, be sure to cite (write down) where you found the information. Worth 30 points, 10 for detail, 10 for explanation, 10 for examples, and 5 for Internet information and citations.