Challenges & Changes in the Movement Chapter 21: Civil Rights Section 3: Challenges & Changes in the Movement pages 717-723

Northern Segregation De facto segregation: segregation that exists by practice and custom De jure segregation: segregation by law De facto segregation is harder to fight White flight to suburbs

Dr. King & Chicago 30,000 African Americans to City Hall End de facto segregation Whites throw rocks

Thirty-four people killed Millions of dollars of property destroyed Urban Violence Erupts Harlem Watts, Los Angeles Thirty-four people killed Millions of dollars of property destroyed

New Leaders Voice Discontent

MALCOM X “If you think we are here to tell you to love the white man, you have come to the wrong place” Self-defense Nation Islam Blacks should separate from white society

Malcom X Pilgrimage to Mecca “I have prayed … with fellow Muslims whose eyes were the bluest of blue, whose hair was the blondest of blond, and whose skin was the whitest of white.” New view on whites LET US TRY THE BALLOT

Split with Black Muslims Shot and killed while giving speech in Harlem Malcom X Split with Black Muslims Shot and killed while giving speech in Harlem 1965

Black Panthers Black Panthers Fight police brutality in the ghetto Upset that an unfair number of blacks were drafted to serve in Vietnam Self-defense Created free medical clinics, assistance to homeless, daycare centers

Martin Luther King Jr. Killed in 1968 in Memphis James Earl Ray Worst urban rioting in United States History

Unished Work Affirmative Action: equalize education and job opportunities

MUCH REMAINS TO BE DONE

CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS Ended de jure segregation Civil Rights Act of 1968: ended discrimination in housing African Americans holding political office grew