How to pass the usmle by Dr. Adrienne Hicks.

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Presentation transcript:

How to pass the usmle by Dr. Adrienne Hicks

Subjects to Study Cardiology Pulmonology Renal Gastrointestinal Endocrine Reproductive Neurology Musculoskeletal Psychiatry Pediatrics Surgery Emergency Hematology Oncology Biochemistry Genetics Microbiology Immunology

Cardiology topics Heart Structure Heart Function Heart Sounds/ Murmurs Blood supply to/from heart Congenital Anomalies Hypertension Types of Angina Myocardial Infarction (MI) Types of Cardiomyopathy Congestive Heart Failure Cardiac Drugs

Types of Cardiomyopathy 1. Dilated Cardiomyopathy 2. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 3. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy Enlarged heart with overextended heart chambers filled with blood Causes a heart murmur (S3) Systolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time contracting (pumping out blood)

Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Alcohol Beri Beri Disease Chaga’s Disease (bitten by Reduviid bug) Cocaine Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy ACE-Inhibitors (Captopril) Diuretics (Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide) Digoxin

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Enlarged left ventricular muscle surrounding left ventricle decreasing chamber size Causes heart murmur (S4) Diastolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time filling with blood Variant called Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis (IHSS) with enlarged intra- ventricular septum

Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertension Aortic Stenosis Athletes Hereditary (IHSS)

Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B-blockers (Propanolol) Calcium-channel blockers (Verapamil)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy Enlarged heart with thick chamber walls because heart contains deposits within wall structure Causes heart murmur (S4) Diastolic dysfunction because heart has a hard time filling with blood

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy Hemochromatosis (Iron deposits) Sarcodosis (non-caseating granulomatous deposits)

Treatment of restrictive cardiomyopathy Treat underlying disease (Deferoxamine for Iron Overload or Prednisone for Sarcodosis) B-blockers (Propanolol) Calcium-channel blockers (Verapamil)