Earth’s Water Balance. Changes of State Water Vapor in the Air.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth’s Water Balance

Changes of State

Water Vapor in the Air

Humidity

Saturation Vapor Pressure Rises with Temperature

Amount of Water Vapor Required for Saturation Rises with Temperature

DEW Point Temperature

Pseudoadiabatic Chart

Air Lifting Mechanisms

Relative Humidity Increases with Additional Water Vapor

Relative Humidity Increases with Decrease of Temperature

Changes in Relative Humidity with Temperature

Sling Psychrometer

Atmospheric Stability

Air Cools at Dry Adiabatic Rate until Reaching Dew Point Then Cools at Wet Adiabatic Rate

Orographic Lifting

Arid Conditions Caused by Removal of Moisture from Air by Orographic Lifting

Frontal Wedging

Uplifting by Convergence

Cloud Cover from Convergence over Florida

Localized Convective Lifting

Air Warmer than its Surroundings Rises

Rising Air Cooler than Environment Tends Toward Stability

Absolute Stability; Environmental Lapse Rate less than Wet Adiabatic Rate

Absolute Instability; Environmental Lapse Rate greater than Dry Adiabatic Rate

Conditional Stability; Environmental Lapse Rate between the Dry and Wet Adiabatic Rates

Orographic Lifting

Orographic Lifting Forming a Rain Shadow Desert

Convective Uplifting

Frontal Convergence: Extra-tropical Cyclone – Plan View

Frontal Convergence: Extra-tropical Cyclone – Vertical X sectional View

Cumulonimbus Cloud

People Caught in a Downpour!

Cloud Types

Cirrus Clouds

Cirrostratus Clouds

Cirrocumulus Clouds

Altocumulus Clouds

Reynold’s Transport Theorem

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