16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

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Presentation transcript:

16 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

17 INTERACTIONS (+, +)

11 12 INTERACTIONS (-, -)

13 14 INTERACTIONS (-, -)

19 20 INTERACTIONS (+, -)

21 INTERACTIONS (+, -)

23 INTERACTIONS (+, ?)

24

18 INTERACTIONS (+, ?)

INTERACTIONS (?, ?)

COMPETITION (Chapter 13)

2 Blenny Damselfish

1 INTERFERENCE COMPETITION (INTRASPECIFIC)

INTERFERENCE COMPETITION (INTERSPECIFIC)

RESOURCE COMPETION 9

9

TRENCHED UNTRENCHED 7 7 8

5 6 TRENCHED UNTRENCHED

13 Intraspecific Competition: Consequences Leafhopper

Fig in Molles 2006 Number of Leafhoppers (per cage) Number of Leafhoppers (per cage) Intraspecific Competition: Consequences

10 Alfalfa INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES

Fig in Molles 2006

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a species Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) 15

Nutrients Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (One Axis) Niche Breadth

Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Two Axes) Nutrients Oxygen Niche Breadth 1 Niche Breadth 2

Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Three Axes) Nutrients Temperature Oxygen

15 Giant Kelp Niche: Other Environmental Factors? N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction

Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species FUNDAMENTAL NICHE

Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) Bull Kelp (Nereocystis) Effect of Interactions with Other Species NICHE

NICHE OVERLAP Fundamental Niches of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension Giant KelpBull Kelp

Resource Utilization ADJUSTMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL NICHE IN PRESENCE OF COMPETITOR Giant Kelp Bull Kelp Giant KelpBull Kelp

Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species REALIZED NICHE Resource Utilization Giant Kelp Bull Kelp

Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus

Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche: Is Coexistence Possible? Resource Utilization

Competitive Exclusion Principle: (G.F. Gause) Two Species with Identical Niches CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely

images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg

Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg 14 pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg Photos/2mesa.jpg

19