Unit 6: Stoichiometry Section 2: Moles, Masses, and Molecules, OH MY!!!!!

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 6: Stoichiometry Section 2: Moles, Masses, and Molecules, OH MY!!!!!

The Mole A counting unit, just like a dozen –A dozen = 12 –A mole = 6.02 x Two moles of marbles = 2 x 6.02 x Three moles of Koa trees= 3 x 6.02 x x10 23 is known as Avogadro’s # –Amedeo Avogadro (Italian Scientist) aided in this development

Molar Mass The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula; equals the mass of one mole of the substance.

Calculating Molar Mass Calculate the molar mass of H 2 O: –H = 2 x g = g –O = 1 x g = g Molar mass of water = g Calculate the molar mass for Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 : –Fe = 2 x g = g –S = 3 x g = g –O = 12 x g = g Molar mass of Iron (III) sulfate = g

Mole Conversion Factor 1 mole of a substance = Molar mass of a substance = 6.02 x molecules of a substance

Mole Conversion Factor Possibilities 1 mole molar mass (g) 1 mole 6.02 x atoms or molecules 1 mole

Mole Conversion Factor Possibilities molar mass (g) 6.02 x atoms or molecules molar mass (g)  The word atoms = single element; The word molecules = multiple atoms in a formula.

Mole Conversion Examples Molar mass = Avogadro’s #= 1 mole g of H 2 O = 6.02 x molecules of H 2 O = 1 mole of H 2 O g of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 = 6.02 x of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 = 1 mole of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) g of Li = 6.02 x atoms of Li = 1 mole of Li

Mole Conversion Practice Problem 1 If 5,000,000 chlorine atoms are used to disinfect water, how many moles is that? 5,000,000 atoms Cl x 1 mole Cl = 8.3 x mole Cl 6.02 x atoms Cl 8.3 x mole Cl  8 x mole Cl Correct Sig Fig = the same as the given number in the problem with the lowest number of sig figs (i.e. “5,000,000”)

Mole Conversion Practice Problem 2 Thirty moles of carbon monoxide could be a lethal amount. How many grams is that? 30 moles CO x g of CO = g of CO 1 mole CO g CO  800 g CO Correct Sig Fig

Mole Conversion Practice Problem 3 One liter of water has a mass of 1,000 g. How many water molecules is that? 1,000 g H 2 O x 1 mole H 2 O x 6.02 x molecules H 2 O = 3.3 x molecules H 2 O g H 2 O 1 mole H 2 O 3.3 x molecules H 2 O  3 x molecules H 2 O Correct Sig Fig