1 New Spitzer Results for Neon and Sulphur in NGC 6822 Reggie Dufour AU 10/07/2009

2 Neon and Sulphur Emission Lines in H II Regions Optical: [Ne III] 3869, 3969 A [S II] 6717, 6730 A [S III] 6311, 9069, 9531 A (compare against H , H , etc.) InfraRed: [Ne II]  m [Ne III]  m [S III]  m [S IV]  m (compare against H(7-6)  m)

3 MNRAS, 377, 1407 (2007)

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5 Wu et al. (2008) Lebouteiller et al Comparison Spitzer IR Observations

6 M83 HII Regions M33 HII Regions Blue Compact Galaxies NGC 3603 HII Regions LMC 30 Doradus SMC N66 Orion SMC-LMC fit M33 fit BCG fit

7 M83 & M33 papers Summary: Ne & S in Extragalactic HII Regions 1.The radial abundance gradients in Ne & S in M33 and M83 are similar to those of O => Ne/S, Ne/O, S/O are constant across the disks, as expected from massive star nucleo- synthesis models. 2.The average Ne/S ratio in the M33 H II regions is 16.9, which is similar to that in the Orion Nebula (14.3), NGC 3603 (14.6), 30 Dor (11.4), SMC N66 (10.1), and BCDs (14.0). 3.The nebular Ne/S ratios found for H II regions (10-17) is significantly higher than recent determinations of the solar value (~5) and somewhat higher than recent nucleosynthesis and GCE models (~9). 4.Our ionic abundance ratios of Ne +, Ne ++, S ++, & S +3 were used to test the SEDs of various stellar atmospheric models and we found that the supergiant atmospheric models of Pauldrach et al. (2001) gave the best fits to the observations.

8 *NEW* Spitzer IRS Observations of NGC 6822 (Cycle 4 program)

9 Why NGC 6822? Metal-Poor Im irregular galaxy -- Z ≈ 0.25Z sun Close -- distance = 490 ± 40 pc (Mateo 1998) Local Group Member (between SMC & LMC in properties) Many Recent Studies: (11+ since 1999) -- star formation processes & history -- kinematics & dark matter distribution -- ISM - HI & HII -- Abundances - A stars, HII regions, planetary nebulae -- a Reggie “pet galaxy”

10 Wyder (2003)

11 Cannon et al. (2006)

12 De Blok & Walter (2006)

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14 Lee, Skillman & Venn (2006)

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19 KD 5e KD 28e

20 NGC 6822 HII Regions & Photoionization SEDs

21 Fig. 1ab: Plot of Ne/S vs. Ne ++ /Ne + [left panel] and S 3+ /S ++ [right panel]. Our prior M33 results are shown as black stars for the 22 sources where we detected all four lines. The solid line is the linear least-squares fit to the stars with a gradient that is not statistically significant. The results from our prior M83 study are shown as circles. No line fit is done. These data demonstrate a huge variation in the inferred Ne/S ratio at low ionization. The orange squares show the Wu et al. (2008) data for blue compact dwarf galaxies, as reanalyzed with our program. We show only 9 points, those objects where they actually detected all four lines: [S IV], [Ne II], [Ne III], and [S III]. The dotted line is the linear least-squares fit to the squares with a statistically significant negative slope (3.8 σ). The median Ne/S for the 9 galaxies is 14.0 very close to the Orion value of 14.3 (Simpson et al. 2004) shown as the dashed line. The Lebouteiller et al. (2008) data were also reanalyzed and are presented as follows: NGC 3603 (red asterisks), 30 Dor (green triangles), and N 66 (blue diamonds). The median Ne/S ratios for each are 14.6, 11.4, and 10.1, respectively, possibly indicating a decreasing trend with lower metallicity. The dash-dot line is a fit to the 23 points in 30 Dor and N 66 that show the highest ionization. The 4-sided violet stars show our new Spitzer preliminary results for NGC Only five H II regions labeled in black with their KD number (Killen & Dufour 1982), have all four lines measured. Our remeasure of the four SINGS giant H II regions are labeled in violet. Preliminary NGC 6822 Results

22 Summary: Spitzer Observations of Ne & S in H II Regions of NGC The radial abundance gradients in Ne & S in M33 and M83 are similar to those of O => Ne/S, Ne/O, S/O are constant across the disks, as expected from massive star nucleo- synthesis models. Ditto for the HII Regions in NGC The average Ne/S ratio in the M33 H II regions is 16.9, which is similar to that in the Orion Nebula (14.3), NGC 3603 (14.6), 30 Dor (11.4), SMC N66 (10.1), and BCDs (14.0). For NGC 6822 we get Ne/S ~ The nebular Ne/S ratios found for most extragalactic HII regions (10-17) is significantly higher than recent determinations of the solar value (~5) and somewhat higher than recent nucleosynthesis and GCE models (~9). Except for NGC 6822? 4.Our ionic abundance ratios of Ne +, Ne ++, S ++, & S +3 were used to test the SEDs of various stellar atmospheric models and we found that the supergiant atmospheric models of Pauldrach et al. (2001) gave the best fits to the observations. This is true for NGC 6822 HII regions as well.

23 The future: SOFIA (2009?)