The Constitution Of the United States of America TEST DATE: October 15 th, 17 th, 18 th

Post- War Problems Its Time to Create a New Government – –Colonies becomes States- Govern selves – –ALL States Create own Constitutions Write down… (Pg 133) How are they similar? How are they different? -Limit Power of Govt -Specific Rights for Citizens -Liberty!! In who can vote! (White men, slaves and Women)

Articles of Confederation The First Constitution of the United States – –“a plan for securing the freedom, sovereignty, and independence of the United States." – –Gives power to the states– not enough to the Central Govt. – –Written March Replaced in 1788

Changing the Articles Why do we need to change them? Why do we need to change them? –Many problems: Not enough Money for Govt. Not enough Money for Govt. Cant Repay debts Cant Repay debts Bad Foreign Relations (With other Countries) Bad Foreign Relations (With other Countries) –We NEED a STRONGERGovernment!!!!

Primary Author: Mr. James Madison 4 th President of the United States On September 17, 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention met for the last time to sign the document they had created The Constitution Becomes Official: July 2, 1788

Part 1: The Preamble (154) Three Parts of the Constitution- Preamble, Articles, Amendments 1. Preamble a. states the purpose of the Constitution b. begins with three words- ___ ____ ______ c. lists six goals of the Constitution

Part 1: The Preamble Begins with three words- We the People … Constitutional goals: 1. form a more perfect union 2. establish justice 3. insure domestic tranquility 4. provide for the common defense 5. promote the general welfare 6. secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity

Part 2: Articles (pg 154) There are __________ Articles. There are __________ Articles. They describe ___________________ They describe ___________________ –And What Rules they have to Follow to make the Government WORK They State the 3 Branches of Government, how they work with Each other and how the State and Federal Government will work TOGETHER! They State the 3 Branches of Government, how they work with Each other and how the State and Federal Government will work TOGETHER! 7 the sections of the Government

Part 3: Amendments An Amendment makes Changes or Additions to the Constitution An Amendment makes Changes or Additions to the Constitution –How many are there? _______ How do you make an amendment? –Look at Article V. You need ______ of ____________OR You need ______ of ____________OR ____________ of all State Legislators ____________ of all State Legislators

Part 3: Amendments An Amendment makes Changes or Additions to the Constitution An Amendment makes Changes or Additions to the Constitution –How many are there? 27 How do you make an amendment? You need 2/3 of Members of Both Houses of Congress OR 3/4 of all State Legislators You need 2/3 of Members of Both Houses of Congress OR 3/4 of all State Legislators

Important Amendments to know: ~ 1-10: Bill of Rights 13 th - Slavery is Abolished 13 th - Slavery is Abolished 17 th - Direct Election of Senators 17 th - Direct Election of Senators 18 th - Prohibition 18 th - Prohibition –Right to Drink Alcohol –REPEALED! (Page 170) 19 th - Women’s Suffrage 19 th - Women’s Suffrage –Right to Vote

Articles 1, 2, & 3: Set up the Government Set up the Government ***3 Branches to the Government*** THE JUDICIAL BRANCH The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch CONGRESS Headed by: The President The Supreme Court and US Courts

1. Legislative branch- makes the laws includes the two houses of Congress a. the House of Representatives b. the Senate 2. Executive Branch- enforces the laws includes the President, Vice-President and the Cabinet 3. Judicial Branch- interprets the laws includes the Supreme Court and U. S. courts

Article 1: The Legislative Branch Also known as: Also known as: Congress HOUSE OF REPRESENTITIVES SENATE Congress MUST meet at LEAST ONE time a year!!

The House of Representatives Who is the Presiding Officer? –The Speaker John Boehner The Senate Joseph Biden Who is the Presiding Officer? The Vice-President of the United States

Name of the Two Houses House of RepresentativesSenate Total Number of Members Number of Members from EACH STATE Requirements to Run for Office Length of Term Number of Times to be possibly Elected Presiding Officer Portion Elected ever 2 years Depends on Population 2 25 you., 7 year citizen Live in the State 30 y.o., 9 year citizen, live in the state 2 Years 6 years Unlimited All1/3 Speaker of the House Vice- President

Remember This?! VS HOW DOES THIS WORK?

Senators (2)+ HoReps = Electoral Voters

The Electoral College elects the president and vice-president team Each state has a number of electors. What is the Equation? ~ ALL electoral votes from each state goes to one candidate.~ ***If there is no majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president. *** JQA-6 th

2008 Election Results 365 to 173

Who is the Executive Branch Headed By: The President of the United States AKA Commander in Chief of US Armed Forces Length of Term Number of Times Possibly Elected Maximum # of Years possible in Office Name for Advisors Requirements Date Term Begins: 4 Years 2 Times 10 Years The Cabinet 35 Years Old, Natural Born Citizen, 14 Year Resident January 20th

Presidential Fun Facts Presidents 1-6 were not native born US – –The first was Martin VanBuren – –(They were all born in British Colonies!) The Youngest: – –Teddy Roosevelt (42 Years Old)– VP! – –Elected– John F Kennedy (43 Years Old) The Oldest: – –Ronald Reagan (64)

So what does the President actually do?? 3 Expected Duties: – –State of the Union Address (HoReps) (What is that??) – Usually in January – –Can convene and adjourn Congress in the event of a special circumstance – –***See that the laws are faithfully executed.

State of the Union address-enhanced-version FC5D

Succession of the President If the President Can no longer serve… If the President Can no longer serve… Vice President Speaker of the House President Pro tempore Secretary of State

Constitution Vocabulary Please define: Treason (pg 163) Treason (pg 163) Impeachment (pg 162) Impeachment (pg 162) –How many have been impeached? Clinton Clinton Writ of Habeas Corpus (pg 159) Writ of Habeas Corpus (pg 159) Ex Post Facto (pg 159) Ex Post Facto (pg 159) Lame Duck- A person who is still in office but has not been reelected (ex. Obama if not reelected) Lame Duck- A person who is still in office but has not been reelected (ex. Obama if not reelected) The offense of acting to overthrow one's government or to harm or kill its sovereign; the betrayal of a trust or confidence People can not be held in prison or jail without being formally charged with a crime. A law that would punish a person for an act that was legal when it was preformed.

Judicial Branch Judicial Branch Vid 2 Judicial BranchVid 2 Explained in the 3 rd Article of the Constitution US Courts and the Supreme Court Judicial Review– Deciding if a law is constitutional (Obamacare)

SUPREME COURT How many Justices are in the Supreme Court? Requirements Length of Term Who Appoints Judges? Who Approves Judges? 9 Good Behavior LIFE President The Senate

Important Legislation Amendments: – –1 st – Freedom of speech, religion, press and assembly – –13,14,15: Reconstruction Laws (14 th - Due Process, no matter what color) – –17 th - The People elect the Senators – –18 th - Prohibition… REPEALED... Def.? – –19 th - Suffrage (Womens Right to Vote)

States!!! What Can they do?? What Can they do?? Establish Schools, Roads collect taxes Establish Schools, Roads collect taxes Only Congress can admit a new territory as a NEW state! Only Congress can admit a new territory as a NEW state! The CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of The CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of each state is the Governor. ***Note: The Federal Law will always be SUPREME LAW of the LAND

The system that balances the three branches of government, so no one person or group is able to dominate the others. Examples of checks: on the judicial branch- the president appoints the federal judges and Congress approves them. Congress can also impeach them on the legislative branch- the president can veto laws on the executive branch- Congress can impeach the president on the executive and legislative branches- judicial review

NATIONAL GOVERNEMNT STATE GOVERNMENT CONCURRANT POWERS Collect Taxes Build Roads DELEGATED POWERS Declare War Print Money Regulate Banks RESERVED POWERS Conduct Elections Provide Schools Elastic Clause: Allows our Government to extend / expand its powers if needed