Baroque Instrumental Music

5 Categories in Renaissance Transcriptions Transcriptions Cantus Firmus Pieces Cantus Firmus Pieces Improvizational Works Improvizational Works Variations Variations Dances Dances

Early Baroque Instrumental Music Baroque Characteristics so far... Baroque Characteristics so far... –Recitative/Aria –Basso Continuo Instrumental Music Instrumental Music –Dominated by »Basso Continuo »Violin, Keyboards –Equal with Vocal music by 1700 –Genres far from Standardized –Categories Modified from Renaissance

Fugal Pieces in Continuous Imitative Counterpoint Pieces in Continuous Imitative Counterpoint Keyboard Keyboard Ricercare, Fantasia Ricercare, Fantasia

Canzona Discontinuous Counterpoint Discontinuous Counterpoint Multi-Sectional Multi-Sectional Canzona, Sonata Canzona, Sonata

Renaissance Renaissance –Grouped into Pairs Germany Germany –Organized into Suites France France –Ballet –Lute, Harpsichord,Orchestra –NAWM 67 (p.399) Dances

Variations Three basic Techniques Three basic Techniques 1.Melody repeated in different voice 2.Melody ornamented 3.Bass/Harmony constant

Improvizational Constantly approaches cadence Constantly approaches cadence Toccata Toccata NAWM 67 T 33 NAWM 67 T 33 NAWM 68 T 35 NAWM 68 T 35

Later Baroque Instrumental Music Ensemble Music Ensemble Music –Keyboard w/ Violin or other Instrument Solo Music Solo Music –Keyboard »Organ »Harpsichord Tuning Systems Tuning Systems –Pythagorean Tuning

Tuning Systems Temperment Temperment –Pythagorean Tuning –Just Tuning –Mean Tone Temperment –Well Temperment Equal Temperment Equal Temperment –All half-steps equal –No Wolf intervals –No Color Contrast between keys