Evolution = a change over time Evolution of Dance In order for evolution to occur variation (changes) in genes such as mutations, must exist Organism’s genes change because of mutations—which can be helpful, harmful, or have no effect.

Charles Darwin Scientist that is credited with proposing the theory of evolution by the process of natural selection Darwin wrote a book on Evolution called On the Origin of Species He traveled to the Galapagos Islands aboard the Beagle where he formed many of his ideas on Evolution

Natural Selection Organisms better suited to their environment survive, reproduce and pass on their genes better than organisms not well suited to their environment Natural Selection results in a change in gene frequency Examples—Jellyfish Lake and PepperedMoths

Kettlewell’s famous experiments with the peppered moth illustrated how organisms adapt to their environment by the process of natural selection. He observed that there were more dark moths than light moths in regions where soot covered the trunks of trees. there were Also more light moths than dark moths in regions where the tree trunks were light in color and not soot covered.

Adaptation An inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment Examples –Finch beaks –Birds of Paradise mating rituals

Leave s Fruit & Nuts Insects Uses a twig to dig insects out of tree bark Seeds Grubs

Adaptation Artistry Create a new and improved organism that is better suited to its environment. Draw a picture of your new organism and fit it with 3 NEW ADAPTATIONS. Describe how each of these adaptations allow it to be better suited to its environment

Evolution Notes....Part 2 Let’s Review Peppered Moth Simulation Evolution = a change over time We focus on a change in GENES Natural Selection Organisms better suited to their environment survive, reproduce and pass on their genes better than organisms not well suited to their environment Adaptation An inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular envir onment

Microevolution 1. Changes occur within a species 2. Occur over a shorter amount of time 3. More easily observed Examples Bacteria becoming immune to antibiotics-superbugs!superbugs Insects resistance to pesticides Weed resistance to herbicides

Macroevolution 1. Describes the formation of an entirely new species from an existing species 2. Difficult to observe since it happens over a long period of time—millions of years Example Ape to man theory

Evidence used for Evolution: 1. Fossils – oldest evidenceFossils

WhaleBatHuma n Cat 2. Homologous Structures Structures that may show common ancestry because they look similar

3. Vestigial Structures Structures that organisms have, but do not need or use Example Modern Whales have a Pelvic Bone

4. DNA and Amino Acids Determine the number of differences for each organism compared to humans