Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals Presentation 30 – PC Architecture

2 Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

3 Draw a simple diagram of a Pentium D or Core 2 based PC’s architecture. Explain the difference between the purpose of the north bridge and the south bridge. List some of the major functions supported by the Pentium D and Core 2 MPUs. Define front side bus (FSB), I/O Controller Hub (ICH), and Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH).

4 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge ISA Bus Slots DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 33MHz PCI BUS South Bridge PCI Bus Slots 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video Super I/O Controller Floppy Keyboard Mouse IDE1IDE2

5 CPU (1GHz) CPU Bus Cache 1GHz Pentium III

6 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video

7 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 33 MHz PCI BUS PCI Bus Slots 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video

8 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 33MHz PCI BUS PCI Bus Slots 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video Super I/O Controller Floppy Keyboard Mouse

9 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 33MHz PCI BUS South Bridge PCI Bus Slots 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video Super I/O Controller Floppy Keyboard Mouse IDE1IDE2

10 CPU (1GHz) North Bridge ISA Bus Slots DRAM CPU Bus Cache 100/133MHz 33MHz PCI BUS South Bridge PCI Bus Slots 1GHz Pentium III 66MHz AGP Video Super I/O Controller Floppy Keyboard Mouse IDE1IDE2 8MHz

11 Hierarchical Bus Structure CPU Host Bus NorthBridge AGP Connector PCI Bus South Bridge ISA Bus ISA Slot PCI Slots SystemMemory AGP Bus

12 Hierarchical Bus Structure (Server) CPU Host Bus NorthBridge AGP Connector PCI Busses South Bridge ISA Bus ISA Slot PCI Slots SystemMemory AGP Bus CPU

13 Why Multiple Processors? Thermal dissipation problems led to a performance stagnation problem. Because clock speed increases could not continue at its prior pace, other methods of improving performance had to be found. The idea of multiple processor was borrowed form the server world.

14 Two Approaches to Multiple Processors Servers used two (or more) MPU packages. The multi-core processors used in PCs place two or processors (called cores) in a single package.

15 Inside the Pentium D or Core 2 Duo Execution Core 1 MB Cache System Bus Interface Execution Core 1 MB Cache System Bus Interface

16 CPU (3 GHz) Front side bus 800MHz or1066MHz Pentium D Or Core 2

17 CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) 667 MHz Memory Graphics

18 CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) PCI Express X 16 Expansion Slot Media Expansion Intel GMA 950 Graphics

19 CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) DDR2 SRAM 667 MHz Dual Channel DDR2-667 Memory

20 CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) I/O Controller Hub (ICH)

21 CPU (3 GHz) Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) I/O Controller Hub (ICH) Intel High Definition 7.1 Audio 8 High Speed USB Ports 6 PCI Slots 6 PCI Express X 1 Gigabit LAN

22 CPU (3 GHz) Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) I/O Controller Hub (ICH) Flash BIOS 1 ATA/IDE Port 4 Serial ATA Ports 6 PCI Express X 1 RAID

23 CPU GMCH ICH Flash BIOS 1 ATA/IDE Port 4 Serial ATA Ports 6 PCI Express X 1 RAID High Definition Audio 8 USB Ports 6 PCI Slots 6 PCI Express X 1 Gigabit LAN DDR2 SRAM PCI Express X 16 Media Expansion Intel GMA 950 Graphics

Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals End