SSUSH 3

SSUSH 3a Explain how the end of the Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

French and Indian War 1754-1763 War between Britain and France British eventually defeated the French and gained control of Canada The large debt caused by the war made the British collect taxes from the colonist. The collection of taxes angered the Colonist. The Seven Years’ War in Europe. In the early 1750s the French kept expanding into the Ohio Valley. This conflicted with British claims specifically in Virginia. The war goes very poorly at first. The british expel the Acadians, who were French settlers out of Nova Scotia to other colonies for fears they would side with the French. The Brits at home weren’t interested in the war, the colonies were too competitive with themselves and the Brits were terrible at allying with the indians, a forte of the French. “The tide turned in 1757 because William Pitt, the new British leader, saw the colonial conflicts as the key to building a vast British empire. Borrowing heavily to finance the war, he paid Prussia to fight in Europe and reimbursed the colonies for raising troops in North America. In July 1758, the British won their first great victory ... Then they closed in on Quebec, where Gen. James Wolfe won a spectacular victory on the Plains of Abraham, September 1759 (though both he and the French commander, the Marquis de Montcalm, were fatally wounded). With the fall of Montreal in September 1760, the French lost their last foothold in Canada. Soon, Spain joined France against England, and for the rest of the war Britain concentrated on seizing French and Spanish territories in other parts of the world.” http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian-war

French and Indian War Groundwork for the American Revolution Great Britain Wins Win Lots of War Debt made to win. Debt Britain tries to Tax colonists. Changes

Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended French & Indian War. Forced France to give Canada to Great Britain. France surrendered all lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.

SSUSH 3b Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.

Proclamation Line of 1763 Line created by Parliament and King George III that outlawed colonist from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. People felt angry because they felt that they had earned the the right to that land because of their success in the French & Indian war

Reasons for Proclamation King George III knew that westward expansion would cause conflict with Native Americans.

The colonists disobeyed and went anyway! Colonial Response The colonists disobeyed and went anyway!

Stamp Act 1765 Law in which Parliament established the first direct taxation of goods and services within the colonies. Required a tax on newspapers and legal documents. Britain had £140 million of debt at the close of the French & Indian War. Approx half of this is spent defending the American colonies. They wanted them to pay 1/3 of the costs for maintaining a garrison of 10,000 Redcoats in the colonies for their own protection (or control?) The British Navy began to enforce the Navigation Acts of 1763 & passes the Sugar Act in 1764. The Sugar Act was the first law passed by Parliament to raise revenue from taxes from the colonies. In 1765 they pass the stamp act. It taxes 50 trade items and legal and commercial documents. English citizens were used to taxes far higher than these.

“No Taxation Without Representation!” Colonial Response “No Taxation Without Representation!”

Boycott A strategy used by colonists to get Great Britain to repeal the Stamp Act. American colonists refused to buy British goods. It worked and Parliament repealed the Stamp Act.

Colonial Response The colonists protested, boycotted, formed sons & daughters of Liberty!

Sons of Liberty Protest group formed after the passing of the Stamp Act. Led by Samuel Adams. Resist actions by Great Britain.

Daughters of Liberty Women’s group formed to help make items needed in the colonies during the Boycott of British Goods.

Women helping out in sewing and weaving comparable to resisting the British & eventually being in war

Townshend Act A series of laws enacted by parliament in 1767, establishing indirect taxes on goods imported from Britain by the British Colonies in North America. Levied tax on everyday items including tea, glass, and paint.

The colonists protested, boycotted! Colonial Response The colonists protested, boycotted!

Tea Monopoly Great Britain repealed the Townshend Act but gave a monopoly on tea sold to the colonies to the British East India Company.

The colonists had the Boston Tea party! Colonial Response The colonists had the Boston Tea party!

Intolerable “Coercive” Acts A series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1774, to punish Massachusetts colonist for the Boston Tea party. These laws shut Boston Harbor, took away colonists right to trial by jury, and soldiers could search and seize any property at any time. Colonist were required to house soldiers at any time.

The colonists called the First Continental Congress! Colonial Response The colonists called the First Continental Congress!

Committees of Correspondence Secret committees formed in each colony that discussed how to react to British actions. First time colonists united together in an organized resistance to Great Britain.

SSUSH 3b Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

Thomas Paine Wrote the pamphlet, Common Sense Promoted American Independence!

Significance of Common Sense Convinced many in the colonies that the time had come to declare independence from Great Britain.