MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMY Galen and vesalius 30000 1895 german anatomical socity 5000 Each part same Latin Short n simple Releted term shall be similar Adjective shalle be arrange as oppiste Al Ma`arefa College

Objectives: Describe the anatomical position of the body and discuss its significance in the science of medicine Describe anatomical planes of body Explain why directional terms are relative and must be used in reference to body structures or a body in anatomical position. Explain how anatomical terms are derived

ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

ANATOMIC POSITION All structures are described and named with reference to the anatomical position. In the anatomical position, the body is Standing erect The eyes look straight to the front Face and palms of the hands directed forwards The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk The lower limbs are parallel with the feet together and the toes pointing forwards

ANATOMIC PLANES Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves. Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel to median sagittal plane

ANATOMIC PLANES coronal Horizontal (transverse) vertical, perpendicular to median Horizontal (transverse) parallel to floor, perpendicular to median, coronal

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Anterior (Ventral ) & Posterior (Dorsal ) Anterior: Towards the front of the body Posterior: Towards the back of the body Anterior. L. ante, before,

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Superior( Cranial ) & Inferior (Caudal ) Superior: Towards the head Inferior: Towards the feet Anterior. L. ante, before,

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Proximal & Distal Proximal: Nearer the trunk Distal: Away from the trunk Median. L. medianus, in the middle., Lateral. L. lateralis (latus), pertaining to a side.

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Medial & Lateral Medial: Towards the midline of the body Lateral: Away from the midline of the body Median. L. medianus, in the middle., Lateral. L. lateralis (latus), pertaining to a side.

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Superficial & Deep Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body Profundus (Deep): Away from the surface of the body Profundus. L. profundus, deep.,

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Central & Peripheral Central: Towards the central axis of the body Peripheral: Away from the central axis of the body Profundus. L. profundus, deep.,

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Ipsilateral & Contralateral Ipsilateral: Of the same side Contralateral: Of the Opposite side

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Palmar & Dorsal Surfaces of Hand Palmar Surface: Anterior surface Dorsal Surface: Posterior surface

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot Planter Surface: Lower surface Dorsal Surface: Upper surface

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Proximal near to trunk Distal Away from trunk

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Radial Towards the outer border of the upper limb Ulnar Towards inner border of upper limb

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Tibial Towards the inner border of the lower limb Fibular Towards outer border of lower limb

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS Flexion & Extension Flexion: approximation of flexor surface of the adjoining parts and thus reduces the angle of the joint. Extension: approximation of extensor surface of the adjoining parts and thus increases the angle of the joint. Flexor. L. flexus, bent Extension. L. extendo, extend

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS Abduction & Adduction Abduction: Moving the part away from the body Adduction: Moving the part towards the body Flexor. L. flexus, bent Extension. L. extendo, extend

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Medial & Lateral Rotation Medial Rotation: Inwards rotation Lateral Rotation: Outwards rotation

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Circumduction: Combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Pronation & Supination of Forearm Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned backwards Supination: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned forwards

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Dorsiflexion & Planterflexion of Foot Dorsiflexion: Upward flexion of the foot Planterflexion: Downward flexion of the foot

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Inversion and Eversion of foot Inversion : movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces inwards or medially Eversion: movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces outwards or laterally

Terms used to describing vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Anastomosis

Term used for describing bony feature Elevation Linear elevation Sharp elevation Rounded or irregular elevation Depressions Pit, impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch Openings Smooth articular surface Facet, condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea

MCQ Regarding anatomical position, which of the following statements is not correct: The body is erect and eyes are directed forward The upper limbs hang by the side of the body and palms face anteriorly The body is in the fetal position The lower limbs and feet are parallel and toes are directed forward

MCQ Regarding fundamental position, select the correct statement: The body is in the fetal position The body is erect and palms face medially The body is erect and palms face anteriorly The arms are extended away from the body

MCQ The sectional plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: Transverse plane Sagittal plane Coronal plane Oblique plane

MCQ Which of the following is not a fundamental plane: Coronal Transverse Vertical Midsaggital

MCQ Select the correct statement: In the supine position the person lies on the back with face directed upwards In the prone position the person lies on his back with face directed upwards In prone position the person lies on his belly with face directed to the left side In the supine position the person lies on the back with face directed to the right side

MCQ Regarding Lithotomy position all are correct except: Person lies supine with buttocks at the edge of the table Person lies prone with buttocks at the edge of the table Person’s hips and knees are semiflexed Person’s thigs are abducted and feet are in strapped position

MCQ Regarding movement of hand and feet, which of the following statement is not correct: In supination the palm faces anteriorly In pronation the palm faces posteriorly In inversion the sole faces outwards In eversion the sole faces outwards

MCQ Regarding movement at a joint, which of the following statement is not correct: Flexion approximate the flexor surface of the adjoining parts Extension approximate the extensor surface of the adjoining parts In abduction limb moves close to the body In abduction limb moves towards the body

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