Anatomical Terminology Or the basics for everything you need to know to survive through the course

Anatomy –Gross anatomy –Microanatomy Histology –Systemic anatomy –Regional anatomy

Physiology A study (ology) of how our body systems work and the mechanisms they use.

Directional Terminology What is the problem with calling everything right or left, or up or down? LOOK AT ROOT WORDS Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior

Directional Terminology cont. Medial Lateral Superficial Deep Proximal Distal

Anatomical Position

Body Planes Sagittal Planes Frontal Planes Horizontal Planes

Sagittal Planes Midsagittal – divides the body into two equal sections (left and right) –Bilateral body plan Parasagittal – divides the body into two unequal parts

Frontal and Horizontal Frontal – divides body into front and back Horizontal – divides the body into top and bottom –Sawing a lady in half for a magic trick –Also called transverse plane –Makes a cross section of the body

Levels of Organization Chemical Level – atoms, ions, and molecules make up the foundation in the form of protiens, fats, carbs, and nucleic acids Cellular level – basic structures and functional units of the body (smallest living parts)

Levels of Organization Cont. Tissue Level – groups of similar cells Organ Level – two or more different types of tissues which perform a general function System Level – groups of organs which function to perform a common task Organism – many systems functioning dependently to perform a task

Bilateral Body Plan Regions (regional anatomy) –Head, neck, trunk, upper and lower appendages Trunk –Thorax, abdomen, back, and pelvis

Body Cavities Two Major Cavities –Dorsal cavity –Ventral cavity Thoracic, abdominopelvic Dorsal cavity – contains the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal ( holds spine)

Ventral Cavity Divided into three different cavities –Thoracic – holds lungs, heart –Abdominopelvic – holds everything below (intestines, liver, stomach) Separated by a thin sheet of muscle

Pleural and Pericardial Cavities Pleural – small spaces between membranes surrounding the lungs Pericardial – small space between the membranes of the heart Outlined by the mediastinum

Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity –Below the diaphragm above the iliac crests Pelvic cavity –Below the iliac crests to the attachment of the lower appendages